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2. Note. On the Use of the Scholastic Terms Vetus Logica and Nova Logica, with a Remark upon the corresponding Terms Antiqui and Moderni
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 September 2014
Extract
During the earlier part of the middle ages, or until the middle of the eleventh century, students of logic had a very incomplete knowledge of the logical works of Aristotle. They knew the translations which Boethius had made of Porphyry's Εἰσαγωγὴ of Aristotle's περὶ κατεγορίων, and of his περὶ ἑρμηνείας, and they knew little else. Their labours did not go beyond the reproduction of, and commenting on, these old Greek writings.
Towards the beginning of the twelfth century, however, the gradual diffusion of knowledge had brought with it acquaintance with the remaining treatises of Aristotle's Organon. The old translations of Boethius were recovered, and new translations were made. We are told that “Jacobus Clericus of Venetia translated from Greek into Latin certain books of Aristotle, and commented on them, namely, the Topica, the Analytics Prior and Posterior, and the Elenchi, although,” adds the chronicler, “an earlier translation of these same books may be had.”
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- Proceedings 1870-71
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- Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1872
References
page 441 note * “Jacobus Clericus de Venetia transtulit de græco in latinum quosdam libros Aristotelis et commentatus est, scilicet Topica, Anal. priores et posteriores et Elenchos, quamvis antiquior translatis super eosdem libros haberetur.” Robert de Monte Chronica ad Ann. 1128; in Pertz, Monument, viii. 489. Quoted from Prantl, Gescliichte der Logik ii. p. 99.
page 444 note * Prantl believes that this addition to logic is due to a Byzantian influence, and therefore believes that the Summulae of Petrus Hispanus is almost a Latin translation from the Greek of Psellus. Sir W. Hamilton and many other authorities refuse to admit this Byzantian influence, and hold that the Greek work of Psellus is a copy or translation from the Latin of Petrus Hispanus. Prantl, Gesch. der Logibr., ii. p. 264. Hamilton Discus. 2nd ed., p. 275.
page 444 note † C. iv. De altricatione viarum et disciplinarum.
Camillus. Hunc magistrum tu quasi ad cœlum attuliste tamen modernus est.
Bartoldus. Quid turn?
Cam. Nihil ab eo deinceps audiam.
Bart. Eo stultior es, si doctrinam despicis. Nam non solum realistæ verum etiam moderni magnam partem philosophiæ consecuti sunt.
Cam. Sed versantur in sophismatibus tantum, veram doctrinam aspernantur.
Bart. Offendis veritatem, nam erudissimi viri reperiuntur inter modernus. Nonne audisti, in quibusdam terris eos possidere integras universitates? ut Viennæ Erfordiæ, utque quondam hic erat. Nonne arbitraris, doctos hic bonosque fuisse? Et nostro aevo adhuc reperiuntur?
Cam. Scio quidem et intelligo, sed fama eorum parva est. Elaborant solum in parvis logicalibus et sophismaticis opinionibus.
Bart. Non recte intelligis, nam clari sunt in enunciationibus et syllogismis. Non reperies artium studiosos, qui syllogismos ceterasque species argumentationis facilius noscant quam moderni.
Cam. Et in vera scientia nihil sciunt.
Bart. Quam mihi facis veram scienciam?
Cam. Predicabilia Porphyrii, cathegorias Aristotelis, in quibus aut parum noveant aut nihil.—p. 11, 12.
page 446 note * Commentaria Graciadei Esculani ordinis predicatorum. In totam Artem veterem Aristotelis, f. 1.
page 447 note * Bulæus. Hist. Univ. Paris, iii. p. 82.
page 447 note † Bulæus. Hist. Univ. Paris,, iv.p. 122.
page 447 note ‡ Item quod audierunt veterein Artem totam, librum Topicorum, quoad 4 libros, et libros Elenchorum, Priorum aut Posteriorum complete; etiam librum de Anima in tota vel in parte.—Bul. Hist. Univ. Paris, iv. 390.
page 447 note § Munimenta Acad. Oxon. 128, 417, 422. Edited by Anstey.
page 447 note ║ Munimenta Acad. Oxon. 128,, 142. cf. 242, 286.
page 448 note * Munimenta Univ. Glasg., ii. 25, 26. This reference I owe to Professor Veitch of Glasgow.
page 448 note † Liber Decanorum Fac. Phil. Univ. Prag. Pars. i. pp. 83, 126.
page 448 note ‡ Liber Decanorum Fac. Phil. Univ. Prag. Pars., p. 127.
page 448 note § Liber Decanorum Fac. Phil. Univ. Prag. Pars., p. 89, 90.
page 448 note ║ Liber Decanorum Fac. Phil. Univ. Prag. Pars., pp. 95, 135, 139, 142, 144, 147, 151, 154, 161. According to these lists a course of lectures on the Ars Vetus cost 5 groschen, but, if taken with exercises and colloquia, or quæstiones, it cost 18 groschen. A course on the Parva Logicalia cost 10 groschen, including quæstiones. While a course on the Nova Logica cost 12 groschen, and 36 including quæstiones (p. 95). In the last decade of the 14th century, the course on the Parva Logicalia consisted of 104 lectures, and cost a gulden; the length of the course on the Vetus Logica was the same, and the fee the same; while the courses on the Nova Logica consisted of 132 lectures, and the fee was 35 groschen (p. 352).