Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T17:14:01.728Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The number of limit cycles of certain polynomial differential equations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2011

T. R. Blows
Affiliation:
Department of Pure Mathematics, The University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed
N. G. Lloyd
Affiliation:
Department of Pure Mathematics, The University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed

Synopsis

Two-dimensional differential systems

are considered, where P and Q are polynomials. The question of interest is the maximum possible numberof limit cycles of such systems in terms of the degree of P and Q. An algorithm is described for determining a so-called focal basis; this can be implemented on a computer. Estimates can then be obtained for the number of small-amplitude limit cycles. The technique is applied to certain cubic systems; a class of examples with exactly five small-amplitude limit cycles is constructed. Quadratic systems are also considered.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Bautin, N. N.. On the number of limit cycles which appear with the variation of coefficients from anequilibrium position of focus or centre type. Mat. Sb. 30 (1952), 181196 (in Russian); Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. No. 100 (1954).Google Scholar
2Blows, T. R. and Lloyd, N. G.. The number of small-amplitude limit cycles of Liénard equations. Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 95 (1984), 359366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Lansun, Chen and Minghchu, Wang. The relative position and number of limit cycles of the quadratic differential system. Acta Math. Sinica 22 (1979), 751758.Google Scholar
4Chicone, C. and Shafer, D. S.. Separatrix and limit cycles of quadratic systems and Dulac's theorem. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 278 (1983), 585612.Google Scholar
5Chicone, C. and Tian, J.. On general properties of quadratic systems. Amer. Math.Monthly 89 (1982), 167179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Coppel, W. A.. A survey of quadratic systems. J. Differential Equations 2 (1966),293304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Dulac, H.. Sur les cycles limites. Bull. Soc. Math. France 51 (1923), 45188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8G, F.öbber and K.-Willamowski, D.. Liapunov approach to multiple Hopf bifurcation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 71 (1979), 333350.Google Scholar
9Hilbert, D.. Mathematical problems. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 8 (1902), 437479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Lefchetz, S.. Differential equations: Geometric theory (New York: Interscience, 1957).Google Scholar
11Chengzhi, Li. Two problems of planar quadratic systems. Sci. Sinica Ser. A 26 (1983), 471481.Google Scholar
12Zunquan, Liu and Yuanxun, Qin. Mathematical deduction of formulas of differential equations (I). Sci. Sinica Ser. A 3 (1981), 313322.Google Scholar
13Long, F. W. and Danicic, I.. Algebraic manipulation of polynomials in several indeterminates. Proceedings of the Conference on Applications of Algol 68 (University of East Anglia; March 1976), 112115.Google Scholar
14Malkin, K. E.. Criteria for the center for a certain differential equation (in Russian). Volž. Mat. Sb. 2 (1964), 8791.Google Scholar
15Nemytskii, V. V. and Stepanov, V. V.. Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations (Princeton University Press, 1960).Google Scholar
16Petrovskii, I. G. and Landis, E. M..On the number of limit cycles of the equation dy/dx = P(x, y)/Q(x, y), where P and Q are polynomials of the second degree. Mat. Sb. N. S. 37 (79) (1955), 209–250 (in Russian); Amer. Math. Soc. Transl.(2) 16 (1958), 177–221.Google Scholar
17Petrovskii, I. G. and Landis, E. M.. On the number of limit cycles of the equation dy/dx = P(x, y)/Q(x, y), where P and Q are polynomials. Mat. Sb. N. S. 43 (85) (1957), 149168 (in Russian); Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. (2) 14 (1960), 181–200.Google Scholar
18Petrovskii, I. G. and Landis, E. M.. Corrections to the articles “On the number oflimit cycles of the equation dy/dx = P(x, y)/Q(x, y) where P and Q are polynomials of the second degree” and “On the number of limit cycles of the equation dy/dx = P(x, y)/Q(x, y), where P and Q are polynomials”. Mat. Sb. N. S. 48 (90) (1959), 263–255 (in Russian).Google Scholar
19Yuanxun, Qin, Songling, Shi and Suilin, Cai. On limit cycles of planar quadratic systems. Sci. Sinica Ser. A 25 (1982), 4150.Google Scholar
20Songling, Shi. Example of five limit cycles for cubic systems. Acta Math. Sinica 18 (1975), 300304 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
21Songling, Shi. A concrete example of the existence of four limit cycles for plane quadratic systems. Sci. Sinica Ser. A 23 (1980), 153158.Google Scholar
22Songling, Shi. A method for constructing cycles without contact around a weak focus. J. Differential Equations 41 (1981), 301312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Sibirskii, K. S.. The number of limit cycles in the neighbourhood of a singular point. Differencial'nye Uravnenija 1 (1965), 5366.Google Scholar
24Sibirskii, K. S. and Lunkevich, V. A.. On the conditions for a centre. Differencial'nye Uravnenija 1 (1965), 176181.Google Scholar
25Sibirskii, K. S.. On dynamical systems which are close to being Hamiltonian. Differencial'nye Uravnenija 3 (1967), 21772178.Google Scholar
26Sotomayor, J. and Paterlini, R.. Quadratic vector fields with finitely many periodic orbits. International Symposium on Dynamical Systems. Institute de Matematica Pura e Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Yanqian, Ye. Some problems in the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations. J. Differential Equations 46 (1982), 153164.Google Scholar