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Affine focal sets of codimension-2 submanifolds contained in hypersurfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2018

Marcos Craizer
Affiliation:
Departamento de Matemática, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil (craizer@puc-rio.br)
Marcelo J. Saia
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo, ICMC-SMA, Caixa Postal 668, 13560-970 São Carlos (SP), Brazil (mjsaia@icmc.usp.br)
Luis F. Sánchez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Matemática, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, FAMAT, Rua Goiás 2000, 38500-000 Monte Carmelo (MG), Brazil (luis.sanchez@ufu.br)

Abstract

In this paper we study the affine focal set, which is the bifurcation set of the affine distance to submanifolds Nn contained in hypersurfaces Mn+1 of the (n + 2)-space. We give conditions under which this affine focal set is a regular hypersurface and, for curves in 3-space, we describe its stable singularities. For a given Darboux vector field ξ of the immersion N ⊂ M, one can define the affine metric g and the affine normal plane bundle . We prove that the g-Laplacian of the position vector belongs to if and only if ξ is parallel. For umbilic and normally flat immersions, the affine focal set reduces to a single line. Submanifolds contained in hyperplanes or hyperquadrics are always normally flat. For N contained in a hyperplane L, we show that N ⊂ M is umbilic if and only if N ⊂ L is an affine sphere and the envelope of tangent spaces is a cone. For M hyperquadric, we prove that N ⊂ M is umbilic if and only if N is contained in a hyperplane. The main result of the paper is a general description of the umbilic and normally flat immersions: given a hypersurface f and a point O in the (n + 1)-space, the immersion (ν, ν · (f − O)), where ν is the co-normal of f, is umbilic and normally flat, and conversely, any umbilic and normally flat immersion is of this type.

MSC classification

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 2018 

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