Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-v5vhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-22T02:40:37.915Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR DOORS OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2021

Adrian König*
Affiliation:
Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich;
Patrick Neuhaus
Affiliation:
Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich;
Koch Alexander
Affiliation:
Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich;
Schockenhoff Ferdinand
Affiliation:
Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich;
Hafemann Philipp
Affiliation:
Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich;
Bubb Ingrid
Affiliation:
Chair of Ergonomics, Technical University of Munich;
Lienkamp Markus
Affiliation:
Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich;
*
König, Adrian, Technical University of Munich, Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Automotive Technology, Germany, adrian.koenig@ftm.mw.tum.de

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Vehicle doors have barely changed in recent decades, and nor has the car. Since autonomous driving will lead to changes in vehicles and how they are used, their doors will also have to be rethought. In the project UNICARagil, researchers from several universities in Germany design and build four prototypes of driverless and autonomous vehicles, which are developed based on a new and modular architecture. As part of this, we developed a concept including a prototype of an automated door system. In this paper, we present our concept development process adapted for door systems of autonomous vehicles. Based on the vehicle concept development process, it should help researchers and engineers to select and design new door concepts in an early phase. At the end, by means of an example, we present the prototype of our door concept as well as a boarding user study we carried out. This study helps evaluate and improve the boarding comfort of future door concepts.

Type
Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

Bichler, R. J. (2015): Biomechanik und Fahrzeugentwicklung: Erstellung und Anwendung eines Modells zur virtuellen Beurteilung des Ein- und Ausstiegs. Disseration. Technical University of Munich, München.Google Scholar
Böddeker, Torben (2019): Tailored for Automation - Purpose Design for Autonomous Urban Mobility in UNICARagil. In ATZ live (Ed.): Vehicles of Tomorrow 2019. Concept-Materials-Design. Vehicles of Tomorrow 2019. Frankfurt am Main, Germany.Google Scholar
Bodenmiller, Faith M.; Hart, James M.; Bhise, Vivek D. (2002): Effect of Vehicle Body Style on Vehicle Entry/Exit Performance and Preferences of Older and Younger Drivers. In : SAE Technical Paper Series. SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition, MAR. 04, 2002: SAE International400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States (SAE Technical Paper Series).Google Scholar
Bubb, Heiner (2015): Automobilergonomie. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg (ATZ / MTZ-Fachbuch).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Causse, Julien; Wang, Xuguang; Denninger, Lisa (2012): An experimental investigation on the requirement of roof height and sill width for car ingress and egress. In Ergonomics 55 (12), pp. 15961611. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2012.722694.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chateauroux, Elodie; Wang, Xuguang (2010): Car egress analysis of younger and older drivers for motion simulation. In Applied ergonomics 42 (1), pp. 169177. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2010.07.001.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fischer, Markus; Richter, C. E.; Braun, S.; Hellenbrand, David; Sabbah, Olaf; Scharfenberger, Christian et al. (2008): Multidisciplinary Development of New Door and Seat Concepts as Part of an Ergonomic Ingress/Egress Support System. In Proceedings of the FISITA 2008 World Automotive Congress. Available online at https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Multidisciplinary-Development-of-New-Door-and-Seat-Fischer-Richter/e9d06cd357ae6e8300fdc34aab9f9208b1d3d6cb.Google Scholar
Giacomin, J.; Quattrocolo, S. (1997): An analysis of human comfort when entering and exiting the rear seat of an automobile. In Applied ergonomics 28 (5-6), pp. 397406. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(97)00001-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kipp, Manuel; Bubb, Ingrid; Schwiebacher, Johannes; Schockenhoff, Ferdinand; Koenig, Adrian; Bengler, Klaus (2020): Requirements for an Autonomous Taxi and a Resulting Interior Concept. In Stephanidis, Constantine, Antona, Margherita (Eds.): HCI International 2020 - Posters, vol. 1226. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Communications in Computer and Information Science), pp. 374381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morello, Lorenzo.; Rossini, Lorenzo Rosti.; Pia, Giuseppe.; Tonoli, Andrea. (2011): The Automotive Body. Volume I: Components Design. Dordrecht: Springer; Springer Netherlands; Imprint (Mechanical Engineering Series, 0).Google Scholar
Nicoletti, Lorenzo; Brönner, Matthias; Danquah, Benedikt; Koch, Alexander; König, Adrian; Krapf, Sebastian et al. (2020): Review of Trends and Potentials in the Vehicle Concept Development Process. In 2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER). https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EVER48776.2020.9243115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, Peter Lukas; Demuth, Rainer; Schramm, Dieter (2019): Evaluation of the effects of trends on vehicle concepts based on a forecast of travel demand. In Bargende, Michael, Reuss, Hans-Christian, Wagner, Andreas, Wiedemann, Jochen (Eds.): 19. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium, vol. 122. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden (Proceedings), pp. 540556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petzäll, Jan (1995): The design of entrances of taxis for elderly and disabled passengers. In Applied ergonomics 26 (5), pp. 343352. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(95)00051-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinhardt, Winfried (2012): Fahrzeuge im Öffentlichen Personennahverkehr. In Reinhardt, Winfried (Ed.): Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, pp. 197342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rigel, Stefan (2005): Entwicklung und Validierung einer Methode zur quantitativen Untersuchung der Ein- und Ausstiegsbewegung in einen Pkw. Dissertation. Technical University of Munich, Munich.Google Scholar
Sabbah, Adel Olaf (2010): Entwicklung eines dynamischen Diskomfortmodells am Beispiel des Ein- und Ausstiegs. Dissertation. Technical University of Munich, Munich.Google Scholar
Schockenhoff, Ferdinand; König, Adrian; Koch, Alexander; Lienkamp, Markus (2020): Customer-Relevant Properties of Autonomous Vehicle Concepts. In Procedia CIRP 91, pp. 5560. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schröder, Daniel; Gotzler, Felix (2021): A holistic spatial and cost assessment of urban transport options in Munich. In Journal of Urban Mobility (submitted).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VDI (Ed.) (2019): OEM Forum Fahrzeugtüren und -klappen 2019. Bad Gögging, 26.-27. März 2019. OEM Forum Fahrzeugtüren und -klappen. Bad Gögging, 26.-27. März 2019. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag (VDI-Berichte).Google Scholar
Wasser, Joscha; Diels, Cyriel; Baxendale, Anthony; Tovey, Michael (2018): Ergonomic Evaluation of a Driverless Pod Design. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62 (1), pp. 13891393. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woopen, Timo; Eckstein, Lutz; Kowalewski, Stefan; Moormann, Dieter; Maurer, Markus; Ernst, Rolf et al. (2018): UNICARagil - Disruptive modulare Architektur für agile, automatisierte Fahrzeugkonzepte. With assistance of Timo Woopen, Bastian Lampe, Torben Böddeker, Alexandru Kampmann, Bassam Alrifaee, Stolte, Torben et al. In : 27. Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology. 27. Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology. Aachen, October 8th-10th.Google Scholar
Ziemann, Alexander (2006): Zielsystemmanagement für die Produktentstehung von PKW. Dissertation. Technical University of Munich, Munich.Google Scholar