Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8bljj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T03:20:25.989Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The nutritive value of processed roughages for milking cattle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

R. C. Campling  and
J. A. Milne
R. C. Campling
Affiliation:
Wye College (University of London), Ashford, Kent
J. A. Milne
Affiliation:
Wye College (University of London), Ashford, Kent
Get access

Extract

Processing roughages generally causes marked changes in the particle size of the feed and this review is restricted to the effect of this on nutritive value; processing roughages by chemical methods is not considered. Where possible experiments with milking cows given processed artificially dried forages are discussed, but unfortunately relatively little work has so far been reported with these feeds. It is therefore necessary to refer to results from a much larger body of American information on processing field-cured lucerne, and to the few European studies with milled hays and straws. Much of the work has been done with small numbers of cows and often without reporting the particle size of the processed roughages. On the occasions this information was given it shows that, between experiments, the average particle size of pelleted hay varied enormously from 1·35 mm to 0·22 mm. The average particle size of the feed was the size of mesh through which half the total weight of particles passed (Gill, Campling and Westgarth, 1966). Processing a feed into pellets therefore does not imply a common particle size.

Type
53rd Meeting, London, 5 to 7 March 1971 Symposium: Processing of Roughages
Information
Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) , Volume 1 , January 1972 , pp. 53 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Production 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alderman, G. 1969. Dried grass for ruminants. Yearbook Ass. of Green Crop Driers pp. 10–13.Google Scholar
Andersen, P. E. and Neimann-Sørensen, A. 1970. The place of artificially dried forages in dairy cow ration. EAAP, Godollo, Hungary.Google Scholar
Balch, C. C., Broster, W. H., Rook, J. A. F. and Tuck, V. J. 1965. The effect on growth rate and on milk yield and composition of finely grinding the hay and cooking (flaking) the maize in mixed diets for growing and for milking heifers. J. Dairy Res. 32: 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bines, J. A. and Davey, A. W. F. 1970. Voluntary intake, digestion, rate of passage, amount of material in the alimentary tract and behaviour of cows receiving complete diets containing straw and concentrates in different proportions. Br. J. Nutr. 24: 1013–1028.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broster, W. H. 1969. Recent research into levels of feeding for dairy cows. In Proc. 3rd Nutr. Conf. Feed Manuf., Nottingham (ed. Swan, H. and Lewis, D.), pp. 53–79. Churchill, London.Google Scholar
Buchman, D. T. and Hemken, R. W. 1964. Ad libitum intake and digestibility of several alfalfa hays by cattle and sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 47: 861–864.Google Scholar
Campling, R. C. and Freer, M. 1966. Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by cows. 8. Experiments with ground, pelleted roughages. Br. J. Nutr. 20: 229–244.Google Scholar
Campling, R. C., Freer, M. and Balch, C. C. 1963. The factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by cows. 6. A preliminary experiment with ground, pelleted hay. Br. J. Nutr. 17: 263–272.Google Scholar
Connell, J. 1968. Supplementation of dried grass with barley straw. Am. Rep. Nat. Inst. Res. Dairy, pp. 46–47.Google Scholar
Connell, J. and Jones, J. G. W. 1968. The dried grass cube as a production concentrate for the dairy cow. Anim. Prod. 10: 231 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Coppock, C. E., Flatt, W. P., Moore, L. A. and Stewart, W. E. 1964. Effect of hay to grain ratio on utilization of metabolizable energy for milk production by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 47: 1330–1338.Google Scholar
Cowan, E. D., Oliver, J. and Elliott, R. C. 1970a. Complete diets for dairy cows. 1. The health, reproductive performance, voluntary food intake and milk yield of cows fed with diets of different roughage content throughout lactation. Rhod. J. agric. Res. 8: 15–22.Google Scholar
Cowan, E. D., Oliver, J. and Elliott, R. C. 1970b. Complete diets for dairy cows. 3. The effect of dietary composition on apparent efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for lactation. Rhod. J. agric. Res. 8: 33–38.Google Scholar
Demarquilly, C. and Journet, M. 1967. [Feeding value of pelleted hays. 1. Influence of type of hay and fineness of grinding on amount eaten.] Annls Zootech. 16: 123–150.Google Scholar
Eriksson, S., Jonsson, G., Persson, S. J. and Wallin, O. 1968. The influence of pelleted and wafered roughages on the rumen digestion, the milk fat content and the health of cows. Acta Agric. scand. 18: 168–176.Google Scholar
Fossland, R. G. and Fitch, J. B. 1958. Use of pellets made from finely ground alfalfa in dairy rations. J. Dairy Sci. 41: 1484 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Gibson, D. 1969. The development of a complete diet for cattle. A. Rep. ARC ABRO, pp. 19–24.Google Scholar
Gill, J., Campling, R. C. and Westgarth, D. R. 1966. A study of chewing during eating in the cow. Br. J. Nutr. 20: 13–23.Google Scholar
Gordon, F. J. 1970. Dried grass for milk production. 43rd A. Rep. Agric. Res. Inst. Nth. Ir., pp. 14–17.Google Scholar
Haenlein, G. F. W. and Holdren, R. D. 1965. Response of sheep to wafered hay having different physical characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 24: 810–818.Google Scholar
Holmes, W. 1956. Winter feeding of dairy cows. II. Dried grass produced in spring and in autumn compared with other concentrates and with spring grazing. J. Dairy Res. 23: 13–20.Google Scholar
Journet, M. 1970. [Use of pelleted feeds for dairy cows.] Annls Zootech. 19: 85–87.Google Scholar
Journet, M. and Demarquilly, C. 1967. [Feeding value of pelleted hays. 2. Influence of grinding and pelleting on digestion of lucerne hay in the rumen.] Annls Zootech. 16: 307–321.Google Scholar
Journet, M. and Jarriage, R. 1967. [Utilization of ground and pelleted feeds by cattle. 2. Comparative utilization by dairy cows of pelleted lucerne hay and normal lucerne hay given with silage and beet.] Annls Zootech. 16: 271–289.Google Scholar
Keith, J. M., Hardison, W. A., Huber, J. T. and Graf, G. C. 1961. The effect of the physical form on the nutritive value of hay fed to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 44: 1174 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
King, R. L. and Hemken, R. W. 1962. Composition of milk produced on pelleted hay and heated corn. J. Dairy Sci. 45: 1336–1342.Google Scholar
Meyer, J. H., Gaskill, R. L., Stoewsand, G. S. and Weir, W. C. 1959. Influence of pelleting on the utilisation of alfalfa. J. Anim. Sci. 18: 336–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, J. H., Kromann, R. and Garrett, W. N. 1965. Digestion (influence of roughage preparation). In Physiology of Digestion in the Ruminant (ed. Dougherty, R. W.), pp. 262–271. Butterworth, London.Google Scholar
Milne, J. A., Thomson, E. F. and Campling, R. C. 1971. Value for milk production of artificially dried forages as cobs and pellets. Anim. Prod. 14: 69–75.Google Scholar
Minson, D. J. 1962. The effect of grinding, pelleting and wafering on the feeding value of roughages—a review. Cont. No. 84, Anim. Res. Inst. Res. Branch, Can. Dept. Agric, Ottawa. Google Scholar
Minson, D. J. 1963. The effect of pelleting and wafering on the feeding value of roughage—a review. J. Br. Grassld Soc. 18: 39–44.Google Scholar
Moore, L. A. 1964. Symposium on forage utilization: nutritive value of forage as affected by physical form. Part 1. General principles involved with ruminants and effect of feeding pelleted or wafered forage to dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 23: 230–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY SERVICE. 1968. Results of experiments at Experimental Husbandry Farms 1967, No. 15, Part V Dairy Cattle, Pigs and Poultry, p. 43.Google Scholar
NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY SERVICE. 1969. Results of experiments at Experimental Husbandry Farms 1968, No. 16, Part V Dairy Cattle, Pigs and Poultry, p. 30.Google Scholar
Neimann-Sørensen, A. 1969. Artificially dried grass products as feed for dairy cows. Proc. 3rd Gen. Meeting Europ. Grassld Fed. pp. 105–112.Google Scholar
O'Dell, G. C., King, W. A. and Cook, W. C. 1968. Effect of grinding, pelleting, and frequency of feeding of forage on fat percentage of milk and milk production of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 51: 50–55.Google Scholar
Orton, F. J. 1958. The economy of feed input in milk production II. Farm Econ. 9: 43–54.Google Scholar
Owen, J. B., Miller, E. L. and Bridge, P. S. 1968. A study of the voluntary intake of food and water and the lactation performance of cows given diets of varying roughage content ad libitum. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 70: 223–235.Google Scholar
Porter, G. H., Johnson, R. E., Eaton, H. D., Elliott, F. I. and Moore, L. A. 1953. Relative value for milk production of field-cured and field-baled, artificially dried chopped, artificially dried ground and artificially dried pelleted alfalfa when fed as the sole source of roughage to dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 36: 1140–1149.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. H. D. 1970. The role of dried grass and barley in milk production. In Dairy Nutrition, pp. 11–26. US Feed Grains Council, London.Google Scholar
Rodrigue, C. S. and Allen, N. N. 1960. The effect of fine grinding of hay on ration digestibility, rate of passage and fat content of milk. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 40: 23–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronning, M. and Laben, R. L. 1966. Response of lactating cows to free-choice feeding of milled diets containing from 10 to 100% concentrates. J. Dairy Sci. 49: 1080–1085.Google Scholar
Ronning, M., Meyer, J. H. and Clark, G. T. 1959. Pelleted alfalfa hay for milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 42: 1371–1376.Google Scholar
Stone, J. B., Trimberger, G. W. and Tro, B. V. 1966. Ground and pelleted hay for dairy cattle. Bull. Cornell agric. Exp. Stn, No. 1010.Google Scholar
Tayler, J. C. 1970. Dried forages and beef production. J. Br. Grassld Soc. 25: 180–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, D. J., Beever, D. E., Coehlo da Silva, J. F. and Armstrong, D. G. 1969. Sites of digestion of a dried lucerne fed in three different physical forms. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 28: 24A–25A (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Thomson, D. J., Armstrong, D. G. and Prescott, J. H. D. 1969. Influence of physical structure on the utilization of dried grass and silage. Proc. 3rd Gen. Meeting Europ. Grassld Fed. pp. 253–258.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. 1968. Chemical estimates of the nutritional value of feeds. Proc. Cornell Conf. Feed Manuf. pp. 38–46.Google Scholar
Veltman, B. I., Thomas, J. W. and Militorisz, J. 1962. Comparative acceptability of wafered and baled hay for dairy animals. J. Dairy Sci. 45: 694 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Wainman, F. W., Smith, J. S. and Blaxter, K. L. 1971. Voluntary intake and energy metabolism of sheep fed chopped dried grass and the same material milled and pelleted. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 30: 23A–24A (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Woods, W. and Luther, R. 1962. Further observations on the effect of physical preparation of the ration on volatile fatty acid production. J. Anim. Sci. 21: 809–814.Google Scholar