Backfat levels in pigs have declined rapidly in the last decade and are approaching an economic optimum. As optimal levels of backfat are achieved this has two important implications for selection objectives. First, the relative emphasis of selection will shift to other traits, particularly lean growth rate. Second, there will also be a move towards ad libitum feeding on performance test to allow expression of appetite and to increase response to selection for lean growth rate. The effect of very lean pigs coupled with ad libitum feeding may result in changes in the genetic and phenotypic relationship between growth rate and fat depths. Reported genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth rate and backfat range from +0.3 on ad libitum feeding to -0.3 on restricted feeding. In most performance testing regimes the key relationship is between growth rate and ultrasonic fat depths which in contrast to other economic traits are often unfavourably correlated.