¹ See Statement by Mike Jendrzejczyk, Washington Director, Human Rights Watch/Asia before the International Relations Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific, International Operations and Human Rights, U.S. House of Representatives, March 16, 1995. Made available to the author by courtesy of Mr. Jendrzejczyk (emphasis added).

² Id.

³ Intervention, A Speech on Human Rights,” H.E., Ali Alatas, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia, Delivered at the ASEAN-EC Conference, Luxembourg, May 1991. Made available to the author by courtesy of the Embassy of Indonesia in Washington, DC.

⁴ Id.

⁵ Id.

⁶ Id. (emphasis added).

⁷ Id.

⁸ See, Kausikan, B., Asia’s Different Standard , For. Pol. , Fall 1983, No. 92, 24 Google Scholar.

⁹ The Final Document of the Jakarta Summit (the Tenth Conference of Heads of State of Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Jakarta, Indonesia, 1-5 September 1992) “reiterated the universal validity of basic human rights and fundamental freedoms that serve as a common standard of respect for the dignity and integrity of man.”

¹⁰ Statement by H.E. Mr. Ali Alatas, Minister of Foreign Affairs, head of the Delegation of the Republic of Indonesia to the Second World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, 14 June 1993. Made available to the author by the courtesy of the Indonesian Embassy in Washington, DC.

¹⁰ The Bangkok Declaration of the Regional Meeting for Asia of the World Conference on Human Rights reaffirmed “their commitment to the principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration on Human Rights as well as the full realization of all human rights throughout the world,” and stressed “the universality, objectivity and nonselectivity of all human rights and the need to avoid the application of double standards in the implementation of human rights and its politicization, and that no violation of human rights can be justified.”

¹² Id.

¹³ An Invitation to Dialogue, a message to the Leaders of the Group of Seven by the Chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement H.E. President Soeharto of the Republic of Indonesia, Tokyo, July 5, 1993. Made available to the author by courtesy of the Embassy of Indonesia.

¹⁴ The World Conference on Human Rights reaffirms the solemn commitment of all States to fulfil their obligation to promote universal respect for, and observance and protection of, all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, other instruments relating to human rights, and international law. The universal nature of these rights is beyond question.

¹⁵ Bangkok NGO Declaration on Human Rights, A/CONF/157/PC/83, April 19, 1993 (an official document of the UN World Conference on Human Rights.)