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The United Nations Human Rights Covenants: Problems of Ratification and Implementation
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017
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- Type
- Second Session
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- Copyright
- Copyright © American Society of International Law 1968
References
1 “All Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in cooperation with the Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.”
2 See, 1 Oppenheim & Lauterpaeht 279, 7th ed., 1948.
3 See, e.g. Deutsch, “International Human Eights Covenants,” 54 A.B.A. Jrnl., 238, 241 (1968).
4 See, de Nova, The International Protection of National Minorities and Human Eights, 11 Howard Law J. 275 (1965).
5 Ganji, International Protection of Human Bights, 46 (1962).
6 Deutsch, op. cit., n. 3 at 240.
7 See further, del Eusso, “The European Bill of Eights: The First Decade of International Protection of Human Bigsts,” 4 Santa Clara Law Eev. 8 (1963).
8 See, e.g. Perez v. Sharp, 32 Cal. 2d 711, 198 P. 2d 17 (1948).
9 Covenant, Civil & Political Eights, Art. 6. Art. 7 prohibits torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment.
10 Ibid., Art. 9 [arbitrary arrest and detention], Art. 8 [slavery], Art. 12(1) [movement and residence], (4) [international movement] subject to national security and requirements of ordre public as provided in Art. 12(3).
11 Ibid., Arts. 14, 15, and 16.
12 Ibid., Art. 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22.
13 See, Starr, “International Protection of Human Eights,” Wise. Law Eev. 863, 867 (1967).
14 Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Eights, Art. 6, et seq.
15 Deutsch, op. cit., n. 3 at 242-243.
16 Hearings, Subcomm., Senate Judiciary Comm., 83rd Cong., 1st Sess., 824 (1953).
17 See, e.g. Speech, Charles Evans Hughs, Proceedings, American Society of International Law, 194, 196 (1929).
18 See, e.g. Dept. of State Circular No. 175 (Dec. 13, 1955).
19 Gompers v. United States, 233 U. S. 604, 610 (1913).
20 Restatement Foreign Eelations Law of the United States, §117(1) (a) (1965).
21 133 U. S. 258 at 267 (1890).
22 U. S. v. Eeid, 73 F. 2d 153, cert, den., 299 IT. S. 544 (1934).
23 252 U. S. 416 (1920).
24 See, Gardner, “ A Costly Anachronism,” 53 A.B.A. J r n l. 907, 909 (1967).
25 See, Blaustein and Ferguson, Desegregation and the Law, Ch. 9, The New Equality, p. 126 et seq. (Eutgers 1960).
26 Covenant, Civil & Political Eights, Arts. 1(1) and (2).
27 Newman, “ The New International Covenants,” Public Law, Winter 1967, 274, 276.