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Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2017

Simon Hug
Simon Hug*
Affiliation:
Département de science politique et relations internationales, Faculté des sciences économiques et sociales, Université de Genève, 40 Bd du Pont d'Arve, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
*
e-mail: simon.hug@unige.ch (corresponding author)
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Abstract

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An increasing number of analyses in various subfields of political science employ Boolean algebra as proposed by Ragin's qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). This type of analysis is perfectly justifiable if the goal is to test deterministic hypotheses under the assumption of error-free measures of the employed variables. My contention is, however, that only in a very few research areas are our theories sufficiently advanced to yield deterministic hypotheses. Also, given the nature of our objects of study, error-free measures are largely an illusion. Hence, it is unsurprising that many studies employ QCA inductively and gloss over possible measurement errors. In this article, I address these issues and demonstrate the consequences of these problems with simple empirical examples. In an analysis similar to Monte Carlo simulation, I show that using Boolean algebra in an exploratory fashion without considering possible measurement errors may lead to dramatically misleading inferences. I then suggest remedies that help researchers to circumvent some of these pitfalls.

Type
Research Article
Information
Political Analysis , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , Spring 2013 , pp. 252 - 265
Copyright
Copyright © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Political Methodology 

Footnotes

Author's note: Comments by Matthew Gabel, Jonathan Katz, Gerald Schneider, and anonymous reviewers as well as the proofreading by Joanne Richards are gratefully appreciated. Thanks are also due to Bear Braumoeller and Gary Goertz, who provided guidance in implementing their recommendations for testing necessary conditions, and to Jeff Gill for encouraging me to submit this article to Political Analysis. Supplementary materials for this article are available on the Political Analysis Web site.

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