Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-sjtt6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-17T01:17:04.873Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Brain at Rest: What It Is Doing and Why That Matters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Colin Klein
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Neuroimaging studies of the resting state continue to gather philosophical and scientific attention. Most discussions assume an identification between resting-state activity and activity in the so-called default mode network. I argue we should resist this identification, structuring my discussion around a dilemma first posed by Morcom and Fletcher. I offer an alternative view of rest as a state dominated by long-term processes and show how interaction effects might thereby let rest shed light on short-term changes in activation.

Type
Cognitive and Psychological Sciences
Information
Philosophy of Science , Volume 81 , Issue 5 , December 2014 , pp. 974 - 985
Copyright
Copyright © The Philosophy of Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†

Thanks to the audience at PSA 2012 and to an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. This work was partially written while at the University of Illinois at Chicago and at the Australian National University.

References

Bartels, Andreas, Logothetis, Nikos K., and Moutoussis, Konstantinos. 2008. “fMRI and Its Interpretations: An Illustration on Directional Selectivity in Area V5/MT.” Trends in Neurosciences 31 (9): 444–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broyd, Samantha J., Demanuele, Charmaine, Debener, Stefan, Helps, Suzannah K., James, Christopher J., and Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.. 2009. “Default-Mode Brain Dysfunction in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 33 (3): 279–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckner, Randy L., and Carroll, Daniel C.. 2007. “Self-Projection and the Brain.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11 (2): 49–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bullmore, , ed, and Sporns, Olaf. 2012. “The Economy of Brain Network Organization.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13 (5): 336–49.10.1038/nrn3214CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carhart-Harris, Robin L., and Friston, K. J.. 2010. “The Default-Mode, Ego-Functions and Free-Energy: A Neurobiological Account of Freudian Ideas.” Brain 133 (4): 1265–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cavanna, Andrea E., and Trimble, Michael R.. 2006. “The Precuneus: A Review of Its Functional Anatomy and Behavioural Correlates.” Brain 129 (3): 564–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, David M., Smith, Stephen M., and Beckmann, Christian F.. 2010. “Advances and Pitfalls in the Analysis and Interpretation of Resting-State FMRI Data.” Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 4:1–15.Google ScholarPubMed
Dewey, John. 1896. “The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology.” Psychological Review 3 (4): 357–70.10.1037/h0070405CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, Michael D., Snyder, Abraham Z., Vincent, Justin L., Corbetta, Maurizio, Van Essen, David C., and Raichle, Marcus E.. 2005. “The Human Brain Is Intrinsically Organized into Dynamic, Anticorrelated Functional Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (27): 9673–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fransson, Peter, and Marrelec, Guillaume. 2008. “The Precuneus/Posterior Cingulate Cortex Plays a Pivotal Role in the Default Mode Network: Evidence from a Partial Correlation Network Analysis.” Neuroimage 42 (3): 1178–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gusnard, Debra A., Akbudak, Erbil, Shulman, Gordon L., and Raichle, Marcus E.. 2001. “Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Self-Referential Mental Activity: Relation to a Default Mode of Brain Function.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 (7): 4259–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gusnard, Debra A., and Raichle, Marcus E.. 2001. “Searching for a Baseline: Functional Imaging and the Resting Human Brain.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2 (10): 685–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hohwy, Jakob, Roepstorff, Andreas, and Friston, Karl J.. 2008. “Predictive Coding Explains Binocular Rivalry: An Epistemological Review.” Cognition 108 (3): 687–701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaffard, Magali, Longcamp, Marieke, Velay, Jean-Luc, Anton, Jean-Luc, Roth, Muriel, Nazarian, Bruno, and Boulinguez, Philippe. 2008. “Proactive Inhibitory Control of Movement Assessed by Event-Related fMRI.” Neuroimage 42 (3): 1196–1206.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.041CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, Earl K., and Cohen, Jonathan D.. 2001. “An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function.” Annual Review of Neuroscience 24 (1): 167–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morcom, Alexa M., and Fletcher, Paul C.. 2007. “Does the Brain Have a Baseline? Why We Should Be Resisting a Rest.” Neuroimage 37 (4): 1073–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nair, Dinesh G. 2005. “About Being BOLD.” Brain Research Reviews 50:229–43.10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.07.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newell, Allen. 1990. Unified Theories of Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Pearson, John M., Heilbronner, Sarah R., Barack, David L., Hayden, Benjamin Y., and Platt, Michael L.. 2011. “Posterior Cingulate Cortex: Adapting Behavior to a Changing World.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 15 (4): 143–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poldrack, Russell A. 2006. “Can Cognitive Processes Be Inferred from Neuroimaging Data?” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (2): 59–63.10.1016/j.tics.2005.12.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, Cathy J., and Devlin, Joseph T.. 2011. “The Interactive Account of Ventral Occipitotemporal Contributions to Reading.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 15 (6): 246–53.10.1016/j.tics.2011.04.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, Cathy J., and Friston, Karl J.. 2005. “Functional Ontologies for Cognition: The Systematic Definition of Structure and Function.” Cognitive Neuropsychology 22 (3): 262–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raichle, Marcus E., MacLeod, Ann Mary, Snyder, Abraham Z., Powers, William J., Gusnard, Debra A., and Shulman, Gordon L.. 2001. “A Default Mode of Brain Function.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 (2): 676–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raichle, Marcus E., and Mintun, Mark A.. 2006. “Brain Work and Brain Imaging.” Annual Review of Neuroscience 29:449–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raichle, Marcus E., and Snyder, Abraham Z.. 2007. “A Default Mode of Brain Function: A Brief History of an Evolving Idea.” Neuroimage 37 (4): 1083–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, Stephen M., Fox, Peter T., Miller, Karla L., Glahn, David C., Fox, P. Mickle, Mackay, Clare E., Filippini, Nicola, Watkins, Kate E., Toro, Roberto, and Laird, Angela R.. 2009. “Correspondence of the Brain’s Functional Architecture during Activation and Rest.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (31): 13040–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar