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A late antique statuary collection at Ostia's sanctuary of Magna Mater: a case-study in late Roman religion and tradition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2013

Douglas Boin
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Abstract

Throughout the Mediterranean the study of the destruction, reuse, moving and preservation of statues has provided a window onto the transformation of Rome during a time of ascendant Christianity. The preservation of statuary collections is increasingly important in this regard. Archival research has revealed the discovery of one such collection at Ostia's Sanctuary of Magna Mater, a treasure trove of sculptures, reliefs and at least one bronze statue. All were well preserved, and several were found in the open spaces of the sanctuary. Together they span 500 years of history, stretching into the late fourth century. Unfortunately, the late antique significance of this group has never been acknowledged. This paper situates that collection within the social world of late antique Ostia, where many statues of both sacred and non-sacred subjects remained on display. The late fourth-century dedication, in particular, set alongside the earlier pieces, demonstrates that the ‘mood and motivations’ of traditional Roman religion, in Clifford Geertz's terms, also remained quite visible. The presence of this accumulated tradition, a hallmark of Rome's ‘civil religion’ for centuries, testifies to the high social status afforded one of Ostia's most historic sites, even during an increasingly Christian age.

Ovunque nel Mediterraneo, lo studio della distruzione, riuso, movimento e conservazione delle statue ha fornito un osservatorio sulla trasformazione di Roma nel periodo dell'ascesa del cristianesimo. La conservazione delle collezioni statuarie è sempre più significativa a questo riguardo. Ricerche d'archivio hanno rivelato la scoperta di una simile collezione nel santuario della Magna Mater ad Ostia, una preziosa raccolta di sculture, rilievi e almeno una statua di bronzo. Tutti erano ben conservati e molti furono trovati negli spazi aperti del santuario. Nel complesso coprono 500 anni di storia, arrivando fino al tardo IV secolo d.C. Sfortunatamente il significato di questo gruppo per il periodo tardo-antico non è mai stato compreso. Questo articolo colloca quella raccolta all'interno della società di Ostia tardo-antica, dove molte statue di soggetti sia sacri sia profani rimasero in vista. La dedica del tardo IV secolo, in particolare, rinvenuta accanto ai pezzi più antichi, dimostra che ‘l’anima e le motivazioni' della religione tradizionale romana, nei significati di Clifford Geertz, rimasero abbastanza visibili. La presenza di questa tradizione dell'accumulo, un marchio della ‘religione civile’ di Roma per secoli, testimonia l'alto stato sociale permesso ad uno dei siti più storici di Ostia, anche durante il periodo della crescita del cristianesimo.

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Papers of the British School at Rome , Volume 81 , October 2013 , pp. 247 - 277
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Copyright © British School at Rome 2013 

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