¹ Strabo V, p. 213, cf. III, p. 169.

² Strabo V, p. 216.

³ CIL V. 4368; 4372 f. (military knights); 4123 (L. Arrius Secundus: no occupation specified).

⁴ CIL V. 2791; 2828; AE 1953, 33. Each had the sole post of tribunus militum.

⁵ CIL V. 2819–25.

⁶ Since alleged by Porphyrio on the ‘Alfenus vafer’ of Sat. I. 3. 130. Against, E. Fraenkel, Horace (1957), 89 f.

⁷ W. Schulze, LE 277: to which add P. Sepullius P. f. Tacitus (V. 3037). For the monetalis, T. P. Wiseman, New Men in the Roman Senate (1971), 392. For the amphora stamps of the Sepullii, M. H. Callender, Roman Amphorae (1965), 217; Harris, W. V., ZPE 27 (1977), 287Google Scholar.

⁸ For the full detail see now G. Alföldy in the Acta of the Rome Conference on Senators (May 1981): Epigrafia e ordine senatorio, forthcoming.

⁹ AE 1947, 2. Observe however Samothrace II. 1 (1960), nr. 40Google Scholar. For these consulates see also Gallivan, P. A., CQ XXXI (1981), 200Google Scholar.

¹⁰ R. Syme, Tacitus (1958), 655, n. 3; W. Eck, Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian (1970), 148 f.

¹¹ CIL V. 2828; AE 1953, 33.

¹² Compare M'. Vibius Balbinus (ILS 937).

¹³ As noted under PIR ¹, P 76.

¹⁴ It would be hazardous to invoke a Syrian legion, XII Fulminata, in turbulent Africa for a time in the last decade of the reign (ILS 8966: Thugga).

¹⁵ Suetonius, , Galba 6. 1Google Scholar.

¹⁶ ILS 190. For Fulcinius Trio, AE 1953, 88.

¹⁷ Comparable to C. Laecanius Bassus from Pola (suff. 40), praetor in 32 (PIR ², L 30). For the idle fancy that Papinius had been an adherent of Seianus, observe, with other inadequacies, RE XVIII, 983.

¹⁸ Tacitus, , Ann. XI. 3. 1Google Scholar.

¹⁹ To be added to other instances, now reiterated in JRS LXXII (1982), 76 ffGoogle Scholar.

²⁰ PIR ¹ P 75. For the interpretation of Dio LIX. 25. 5 b see Grady, E., Rh. Mus. cxxiv (1981), 261 ffGoogle Scholar. The passage also concerns Anicius Cerialis (Suff. 65).

²¹ That Thrasea was one of the XVviri sacrificiis faciundis emerges at a later stage (Ann. XVI. 22. 1).

²² For the origin of Maximus, Trebellius, HSCP LXXIII (1969), 222Google Scholar = Roman Papers (1979), 761; A. R. Birley, The Fasti of Roman Britain (1981), 60.

²³ For what it may be worth, Patavium yields freedmen of a C. Fannius (V. 2951).

²⁴ Fannia was his second wife, cf. PIR ², H 59 f.

²⁵ For appropriate caution, G. E. F. Chilver, Cisalpine Gaul (1940), 105; R. Syme, Tacitus (1958), 559, n. 1; A. N. Sherwin-White in his Commentary (1965), ad loc. On the other hand ‘videtur’ in PIR ², J 771, cf. 730 (on the brother).

²⁶ CIL V. 7783. Observe also C. Atilius C. f. Bradua, who paved the forum at Libarna (7427 = ILS 5354). Senators apart, that cognomen is portentously rare. The same holds for ‘Barea’ (enigmatic) and for ‘Chaerea’ (Etruscan).

²⁷ In towns of Italy only libertine persons at Mediolanum (V. 5762), Fanum (XI. 6269), Puteoli (X. 2106)—and an African sailor at Misenum (X. 3244).

²⁸ CIL I². 2515 (Volsinii); Tacitus, , Hist. III. 8. 1Google Scholar; ILS 2716 (Tarraco).

²⁹ Tacitus (1958), 559, n. 3.

³⁰ Ovid, , Ex Ponto IV. 16. 17 f.Google Scholar; CIL V. 2973 (gentilicium not preserved).

³¹ Since the full list of the Arvales can be established. See J. Scheid, Les Freres Arvales (1975), 254 ff; 285 f.

³² CIL XI. 6689⁵⁴.

³³ Not. Scav. 1955. 123, with fig. 9b (whence AE 1957, 220). See further Torelli, M., Dialoghi di Archeologia III (1969), 295 f.Google Scholar, with n. 43 (ib. 349).

³⁴ Vita Persii (OCT, p. 32).

³⁵ The tribe is borne by his young son, who died at Brundisium (IX. 39): that is, in 80, on the way to Asia with his parent (suff. ?70), the proconsul.

³⁶ Atina is the patria of the illustrious L. Arruntii, the consuls of 22 B.C. and A.D. 6.

³⁷ Ann. XIII. 10. 1. To PIR ² A 1205 can be added the gravestone of ‘As]coni Q.. f. Labeonis,’ a local pontifex, a boy who died at the age of fifteen (V. 2848).

³⁸ Balland, A., Fouilles de Xanthos VII (1981), 82Google Scholar. He had been a tribune in a ‘legio IV’.

³⁹ For his career, AE 1953, 251. And see now A. R. Birley, The Fasti of Roman Britain (1981), 50 ff.

⁴⁰ Suetonius, , Nero 35. 5Google Scholar.

⁴¹ Thus, in CAH X (1934), 727Google Scholar.

⁴² Suetonius, De gramm. 25.

⁴³ Quintilian VI, praef. 4; 13.

⁴⁴ Sammulla, Viz., dying at 110 (NH VII. 159Google Scholar): possibly local. It is a diminutive of ‘Sammo’, or of ‘Sammus’. For the former name, cf. CIL III 1765 (Lugdunum); 7120 (Moguntiacum); XII 1889 (Vienna). On these items see E. Evans, Gaulish Personal Names (1967), 252 f.

⁴⁵ For the items bearing on Asconius' age see Wissowa, , RE II 1524 ffGoogle Scholar.

⁴⁶ CIL VI. 22784. Even without a long existence, Asconius may have had offspring by more wives than one.

⁴⁷ CIL V. 2835 (T. Mutius Gracilis). The Brixian specimens are 4131 (a magistrate); 4659.

⁴⁸ Mot Scav. 1929, 29. For this important document, often overlooked (but not by Groag, cf. PIR ² A 1207), see further Historia XVII (1968), 77Google Scholar = Roman Papers (1979), 664.

⁴⁹ Quadratus was quaestor in A.D. 14 (ILS 970: Casinum).

⁵⁰ M. Corbier, L'Aerarium Saturni et l'Aerarium militare (1974), 110. Groag refrained from any comment on names and relationships (A 1204).

⁵¹ For examples, see the Acta of the Rome Conference (May, 1981): Epigrafia e ordine senatorio, forthcoming.

⁵² M. Corbier, op. cit. 110 f.

⁵³ TLL, Onom. No specimens in CIL V, apart from 6956a (Augusta Taurinorum). M. Cusinius, the Caesarian senator (ILS 965: Tusculum), has the tribe ‘Velina’, which suggests an origin from Picenum, cf. T. P. Wiseman, op. cit. 228. The tribe would not exclude Aquileia.

⁵⁴ CIL V. 8810²⁸⁸ (twelve specimens). The lady is a Sabinia. For that name, Schulze (LE 222) cited CIE 869 = XI. 2420 (Clusíum); and for ‘Sabo’, CIE 4840 (ib.). Other explanations avail.

⁵⁵ CIL V. 2998; 2368.

⁵⁶ CIL V, Verona (3253), Aquileia (3615), and eastwards at Capodistria (503). Observe two obscure persons in Fronto (PIR ¹, S 140 f.).

⁵⁷ MAMA VIII (1962), 411Google Scholar. See now Reynolds, J., Aphrodisias and Rome (JRS Monograph no. 1, 1982), 172 fGoogle Scholar.

⁵⁸ Thus, firmly, G. E. F. Chilver, Cisalpine Gaul (1940), 109 ff.

⁵⁹ CIL V. 4181; 4296; 4401; 4419–22 (=ILS 6099: Val. Trompia). By inadvertence Silius Italicus was assumed Patavine in Some Arval Brethren (1980), 79.

⁶⁰ No praenomen in RE III, 1792. But the Epicurean is ‘T. Catius’ in the commentary of Shackleton Bailey on Ad fam. XV. 16. 1.

⁶¹ See JRS XXXIX (1949), 124 f.Google Scholar: praenomina written out by Tacitus but abridged by a recent editor (H. Fuchs).

⁶² As assumed, with no supporting argument, in Tacitus (1958), 88, n. 7.

⁶³ His freedmen are ‘Ti. Caesii’, cf. PIR ², C 194.

⁶⁴ CIL XV. 7302.

⁶⁵ For the distribution of the name, Birley, A. R., Britannia IV (1973), 181Google Scholar (on Petillius Cerialis).

⁶⁶ Tacitus, , Hist. I. 90Google Scholar. 2. Compare the verdict in Quintilian (XII. 5. 5). The Galerii come from Ariminum, cf. Pliny, , NH X. 50Google Scholar. Not noted in PIR ², G 25 or G 30.

⁶⁷ Plutarch, Galba 14 f.

⁶⁸ Assumed Celtic by Schulze (LE 21), but with no other specimens. The name is absent from the Italian volumes of CIL. Sporadic examples occur elsewhere. Thus XII. 2591 (Geneva); III. 2279 (in Dalmatia).

For parallel one notes the (ridiculous) Gallus, Togonius (Ann. VI. 2. 2Google Scholar). Curiosity should attach to the early senator C. Mocconius C. f. Fab. Verus (VI. 1463), whose tribe suggests Brixia or Patavium. No specimen in other Celtic zones (III, XII, XIII), but observe ‘Moccius’ (V. 7147; 7835; 7936; 7947). By contrast, ‘Cervonius’, with 15 specimens in CIL V, among them one at Patavium (2926).

⁶⁹ Thus, on the basis of XIV. 3471 (Tibur), in Historia V (1956), 210Google Scholar = Roman Papers (1979), 322.

⁷⁰ Adduced by Eck, W., ZPE 42 (1981), 227 fGoogle Scholar.

⁷¹ Tacitus (1958), 386 f.

⁷² Both Crispus, Vibius and Paetus, Caesennius share the unexplained prefix ‘L. Iunius’, cf. JRS LXVII (1977), 45Google Scholar.

⁷³ Thus G. E. F. Chilver, Cisalpine Gaul (1940), 86.

⁷⁴ See ‘Partisans of Galba’, Historia XXXI (1982), 478Google Scholarf.

⁷⁵ That is, in 73/4, succeeding the triennial tenure of Eprius Marcellus (ILS 992).

⁷⁶ PIR ², J 624, where he is assumed the son of L. Julius Vestinus, the Prefect of Egypt (622). Rather the son (by birth or by adoption) of a Marcus Julius Vestinus.

⁷⁷ ILS 6618; 7833. See further Some Arval Brethren (1980), 23.

⁷⁸ Stella is assumed patrician, e.g. by Groag (A 1151); R. Syme, Tacitus (1958), 666. Beneficiaries of Claudius Caesar are not excluded. Some lacked high distinction, despite the language of Tacitus (XI. 25. 2). Observe M. Helvius Geminus (ILS 975).

⁷⁹ Suetonius, , Titus 9. 1Google Scholar. Though plausible for C. Silius (the paramour of Messallina), that status is not proved by Juvenal X. 332.

⁸⁰ ILS 8821 (Xanthos), supplemented by AE 1972, 572 (Ephesus).

⁸¹ Balland, A., Fouilles de Xanthos VII (1981), 157Google Scholar.

⁸² That is to say, the pair revealed by AE 1947, 2 (Samothrace). If the pair were put early in the reign of Hadrian, a hypothesis emerges: M. Arruntius Claudianus from Xanthos as not only the first Lycian senator but the first consul, displacing Ti. Claudius Agrippinus (C 776).

⁸³ JRS LVIII (1968), 139Google Scholar = RP (1979), 701.

⁸⁴ Hist. I. 31. 2; CIL X. 8023 f.

⁸⁵ In LE 237 Schulze adduced ‘Supri’ (CIE 53: Volaterrae); ‘Zupre’ (2251: Clusium). Also C. Subernius from Cales in Campania (Ad fam. IX. 13. 1Google Scholar).

⁸⁶ CIL V. 7917. He was patronus and flamen provindae.

⁸⁷ Valentia (Valenza) was east of Hasta, north-west of Dertona. It has yielded only five other inscriptions. For the problems of Valentia in relation to Forum Fulvii see Chilver, op. cit. 66 f.

⁸⁸ Matching the two documents in RE V, 1755 (1903), Groag said ‘nicht unmöglich’. He there assumed that the senator was a son of Ducenius Proculus (suff. 87), taken in adoption by the magistrate C. Asconius Sardus (ILS 6692).

⁸⁹ CIL V. 1228 (Aquileia); 7538 (near Aquae Statiellae, in ‘Regio IX’).

⁹⁰ C. Cestius Gallus (cos. 35), C. Cestius Gallus (suff. 42), N. Cestius (suff. 55). They might be from Praeneste, or Campanian.

⁹¹ For some desperate cases, JRS LVIII (1968), 143Google Scholar = RP (1979), 707.

⁹² Thus the army commander Priscus, (Epp. II. 13Google Scholar) can now be identified as L. Neratius Priscus (suff. 97), and legate of Germania Inferior: thanks to the revision of ILS 1034 (Saepinum) effected by Camodeca, G., Atti Ace. Napoli LXXXVII (1976). 19 ffGoogle Scholar. (whence AE 1976, 195).

⁹³ Cited by Eck, W., Epigraphica XLI (1979), 82Google Scholar.

⁹⁴ Tacitus (1958), 805.

⁹⁵ C7L V. 4364, cf. 4363. Further a ‘Q. Cornel[’ was a magistrate there (4412), but he might be identical with Q. Cornelius Q. f. Fronto (4413).

⁹⁶ Balland, A., Fouilles de Xanthos VII (1981), 121Google Scholar. For a Priscus legate of Galatia early in the reign of Tiberius see Grant, M., Num. Chron. X (1950), 43Google Scholar.

⁹⁷ As shown by the details in Dessau, , ILS Vol. III, p. 410 fGoogle Scholar.

⁹⁸ Pliny, , Pan. 9. 2Google Scholar.

⁹⁹ For the statistics, P. Kneissl, Die Siegestitulatur der römischen Kaiser (1969), 70.

¹⁰⁰ Tacitus (1958), 646, cf. JRS XLVII (1957), 134Google Scholar = Ten Studies in Tacitus (1970), 115.

¹⁰¹ For this incident, Harris, W. V., ZPE 27 (1977), 283 ffGoogle Scholar.

¹⁰² As asseverated by Cicero, , Phil. XII. 10Google Scholar.

¹⁰³ Macrobius I. 11. 22. Harmony was later advertised by ‘concordalis’ in the title of municipal seviri. For example, ‘L. Ducen./Atimeti/Patavi Aug. Conc./Pyrallidi lib.’ (ILS 6693: between Patavium and Ateste).

¹⁰¹ Tacitus (1958), 664. Add now M. Hirrius Fronto Neratius Pansa, consul suffect c. 75 (AE 1968, 145).

¹⁰⁵ The Ignolus of ILS 1039, a governor of Galatia, was probably consul early in Hadrian‘s reign.

¹⁰⁶ Pseudo-Acro on Horace, , Sat. I. 2. 41Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁷ Down to IX. 90, if not further. For the detail, F 170. Not identical with the author of the Argonautica, as held possible in Tacitus (1958), 609 n. 7. He may be provincial. Observe L. Julius Ursus Valerius Flaccus (PIR ^l, J 418), who is probably L. Valerius Flaccus (suff. 128).

¹⁰⁸ Sardus, Unless be conceded (Epp. IX. 31Google Scholar).

¹⁰⁹ JRS LVIII (1968), 136Google Scholar = RP (1979), 696.

¹¹⁰ Tacitus (1958), 801.

¹¹¹ Gordon, M. L., JRS XXVI (1936), 145 ffGoogle Scholar.

¹¹² Koestermann, E., Athenaeum XLIII (1965), 167 ff.Google Scholar; Archivo Veneto LXVII (1965), 5 ffGoogle Scholar. A generous exposition is furnished by Borzsàk, S., RE Supp. XI (1968), 379–84Google Scholar.

¹¹³ Despite the conclusion of Borzsàk, op. cit. 384: ‘so kann doch Koestermanns umsichtige Schlussfolgerung (206) hingenommen werden’.

¹¹⁴ Thus Q., Minicius Q., f. Pob. Macer (V. 4443, cf. 4292: Brixia): presumably related to Pliny's Brixian friend Minicius Macrinus, parent of the senator Minicius Acilianus (I. 14. 5).

¹¹⁵ RE XVII, 864 f.; 897 f. For the relations between the two cities, M. Frézouls-Fasciato, Mél. Grenier (1962), 689 ff.

¹¹⁶ A sister of P. Acilius. At Brixia P. Acilius P. f. Fab. Florus set up a statue to Aequitas (AE 1954, 75).

¹¹⁷ CIL VIII. 2754 (Lambaesis). It registers the tribe Sabatina—and, exceptional in a person of rank, the city.

¹¹⁸ It is absent from Strabo—for whom Tergeste was still only a fort or a village (V, p. 215; VI, p. 314). Cf. Chilver, op. cit. 54 (on the geographer's obsolescence).

¹¹⁹ A. Calderini, Aquileia Romana (1930), 574. The mixed population is amply documented in that book. The veteran colony Ateste has eight specimens of names ending in ‘-enus’.

¹²⁰ Chilver, op. cit. 82 ff., with other instances.

¹²¹ Lejeune, M., Ateste (Firenze, 1978), 135Google Scholar.

¹²² CIL V. 2906. For the name ‘Ostiala’, compare ‘]ni/M. f. Ostialae Galleniae’ on the early stele published in Padova Preromana (the Mostra of 1976), 48, cf. 304 with pl. 83.

For the Venetic name ‘Frema’ on V. 2906, cf. ‘Frema Rutilia P. f. Sociaca’ (I². 2781: Ateste).

¹²³ CIL V. 3071; 3019; 3003; 2899. And one might add M'. Laeponius (2972); Albarenius (2845).

¹²⁴ Jordanes, Getica 29.

¹²⁵ CIL XII. 3426 (Nemausus: of late date). Apart from Patavium, Transpadana shows examples at Ateste, Altinum, Concordia (2607; 2243; 8676). None in CIL IX, X. XI.

¹²⁶ CIL V. 2525 (= ILS 6693); 3609.

¹²⁷ CIL XI. 3208 (Nepet): ‘Ducenius tucuntal tucuntines’ (cited by Schulze, LE 375).

¹²⁸ Where, apart from Patavium, it occurs at Ateste (2538) and Vicetia (3162). Add from Pais, Supp. It. (1883), Vicetia (613); Aquileia (206).

¹²⁹ Benefit can accrue on the side. Thus a patria for the Augustan rhetor Sepullius Bassus (PIR ¹, S 360).

¹³⁰ For example, the senator C. Mocconius Verus (CIL VI. 1463), the tribe ‘Fabia’ pointing to Brixia or Patavium (cf. n. 68 above). Again, L. Mestrius Florus (stiff, c. 75), the friend and patron of Plutarch, to whom he bequeathed his gentilicium. That native name, also Illyrian and Balkan, has 22 specimens in CIL V. See further the remarks on Florus, Mestrius in Mm. Helv. XXXVII (1980), 105Google Scholar.

¹³¹ CIL V. 2996. The curious may notice a magistrate at Verona, ‘] M. f. Pob. Aquila’ (Pais, Supp. It. 629).

¹³² CIL V. 4332. That volume has three Gabii: 1225 (Aquileia); 2631 (Ateste); 3672 (Verona).

Rational doubt will therefore attend upon the extraction of Q. Asconius Gabinius Modestus—and even upon the origin of consular Gabinii (suffecti in 35 and 43).

¹³³ For the boundaries, CIL V, p. 268.

¹³⁴ Matidia is attested as ‘Salonia Matidia’ by AE 1954, 62. For the family, Some Arval Brethren (1980), 61 f.

¹³⁵ For Acelum (not in RE I), see Chilver, op. cit. 66. For the inscriptions, CIL V. 2086-108; Pais, Supp. It. 448-65.

¹³⁶ Martial IV. 25. Apart from Atestina Sabina and her husband Clemens (X. 93), the sole sign that his journey to the North went across the Po.

¹³⁷ Chilver, op. cit. 54 f.

¹³⁸ G. Alföldy, Konsulat u. Senatorenstand unter den Antoninen (1977), 147; 244; 304.

¹³⁹ As duly registered by Groag, in RE V, 1755Google Scholar.

¹⁴⁰ CIL X. 5821 (Ferentinum). ‘Cestianus’ is of interest because of ‘P. Cestius’ in the nomenclature of the senator C. Asconius C. f. Sardus (V. 2824; 7447).