Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T11:04:25.983Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-Radiographic techniques and applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2017

Rainer Zangerl  and
Hans-Peter Schultze
Rainer Zangerl
Affiliation:
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605
Hans-Peter Schultze
Affiliation:
Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
Get access

Extract

There are at present two techniques that use X-rays to show internal structures, both are in common use in medicine. The first technique is essentially a photographic method (for extensive description see Quinn and Sigl, 1980). The second (Cat scan or Computer Tomography) computes a section from many pictures taken by a thin, fan shaped X-ray beam. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length 10,000 times smaller, and energy 10,000 times greater, than visible light. They are generated in a high-vacuum tube where electrons are produced by a heated cathode and are shot at high electromotive force (30 to over 100 kilovolts) at the anode where most of the energy is converted to heat; only a small fraction is given off as X-radiation.

Type
Internal Anatomy and Microstructure
Information
The Paleontological Society Special Publications , Volume 4: Paleotechniques , 1989 , pp. 165 - 178
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bartlett, M.R., and Haedrich, R.L. 1966. Techniques in the radiography of fishes. American Fisheries Society, Transactions, 95:99–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conroy, G.C., and Vannier, M.W. 1984. Noninvasive three-dimensional computer imaging of matrix-filled fossil skulls by high-resolution computed tomography. Science, 226(4673):456–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gosline, W.A. 1948. Some possible uses of X-rays in ichthyology and fishery research. Copeia, 1948(1):58–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, G.W., Dorsey, M.E., Woods, J.C., and Miller, R.J. 1979. A radiographic scanning technique for cores. Marine Geology 29:93–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarvik, E. 1980. Basic Structure and Evolution of Vertebrates. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London, New York, 575 p.Google Scholar
Krinitzsky, E.L. 1970. Radiography in the Earth Sciences and Soil Mechanics. Plenum Press, New York-London, VII + 163 p.Google Scholar
Lanooy, V.R. and Völkel, H. 1970. Rontgenaufnahmen als zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung in der Präparation. Der Präparator, 16(1/2):38–46.Google Scholar
Macintyre, G.T. 1976. A simplified method for X-ray stereographs of small specimens. Journal of Paleontology, 50:357–358.Google Scholar
Michael, H. 1986. Ionizing Radiation Protection for Conservation Laboratories. New York, Center for Occupational Hazards, 8 p.Google Scholar
Miller, J.M., and Tucker, J.W. Jr. 1979. X-radiography of larval and juvenile fishes. Copeia 1979(3):535–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, R.A., and Sigl, C.C. 1980. Radiography in Modern Industry, 4th ed., Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York.Google Scholar
Sollas, W.J. 1903. A method for the investigation of fossils by serial sections. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 196:259–263.Google Scholar
Stürmer, W. 1980a. Versteinertes Leben im Rontgenlicht. Kleine Senckenberg, Reihe No. 11:3–18.Google Scholar
Stürmer, W. 1980b. Arbeiten über Anwendung von Röntgenstrahlen in der Geologie und Paläontologie. Kleine Senckenberg Reihe No. 11:72–79. (Extensive bibliography on X-ray photography.) Google Scholar
Ward, S.C. and Kimbel, W.H. 1983. Subnasal alveolar morphology and the systematic position of Sivapithecus . American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 61:157–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zangerl, R. 1965. Radiographic techniques, p. 305–320. In Kummel, B., and Raup, D. (eds.), Handbook of Paleontological Techniques, Freemann & Co., San Francisco, London.Google Scholar