Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-8zxtt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T12:24:15.097Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Generations of İstanbul families, the elderly, and the social economy of welfare

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2015

Alan Duben
Alan Duben*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, İstanbul Bilgi University, 34060, Eyüp-İstanbul, Turkey, aduben@bilgi.edu.tr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

As the population of the world ages, the balance between generations is irrevocably changing. Proportionally larger numbers of the no-longer economically active elderly will need to be supported by a shrinking working-age population. Women have increasingly come to outnumber men at advanced ages, presenting elderly women (and their families) with a novel and challenging old-age experience. Indeed, gender is central to understanding the relationship between generations and the glaring imbalance in intergenerational support, material and immaterial.

Type
Articles
Information
New Perspectives on Turkey , Volume 48 , Spring 2013 , pp. 5 - 54
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akalın, Ayşe, “Hired as a Caregiver, Demanded as a Housewife: Becoming a Domestic Worker in Turkey.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 14, no. 3 (2007): 209–25.Google Scholar
Akparti (2012). Available at http://www.akparti.org.tr/site/akparti/parti-programi.Google Scholar
Akparti (2012). Available at http://www.akparti.org.tr/english/akparti/parti-programme.Google Scholar
Albertini, Marco, Martin, Kohli, and Vogel, Claudia. “Intergenerational Transfers of Time and Money in European Families: Common Patterns – Different Regimes?” Journal of European Social Policy 17, no. 4 (2007): 319–34.Google Scholar
“Assessment of Expectations Regarding Old Age in Turkey: Final Report,” Prime Ministry General Directorate of Family and Social Research. Ankara, 2010.Google Scholar
Ataca, Bilge, and Sunar, Diane, “Continuity and Change in Turkish Urban Family Life.” Psychology and Developing Societies 11, no. 1 (1999): 77–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayata, Sencer, “The New Middle Class and the )oys of Suburbia.” In Fragments of Culture: The Everyday of Modern Turkey, edited by Deniz, Kandiyoti and Ayşe, Saktanber, 25–42. London: I. B. Taurus, 2002.Google Scholar
Bilgin, Erhan, “Kadın İstihdamı Artacak ama…” Radikal İki, March 17, 2013, 10.Google Scholar
Bloch, Maurice, “The Long and Short Term: The Economic and Political Significance of the Morality of Kinship.” In The Character of Kinship, edited by Jack Goody, 75–87. London: Cambridge University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Blome, Agnes, Wolfgand, Keck, and Alber, Jens. Family and the Welfare State in Europe: Intergenerational Relations in Ageing Societies. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2009.Google Scholar
Buğra, Ayşe, “The Immoral Economy of Housing in Turkey.” International Journal of Urbon and Regional Research 22, no. 2 (1998): 303–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buğra, Ayşe, Kapitalizm, Yoksulluk ve Türkiye'de Sosyal Politika. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2008.Google Scholar
Buğra, Ayşe, “Poverty and Citizenship: An Overview of the Social Policy Environment in Republican Turkey.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, no. 1 (2007) : 33–52.Google Scholar
Buğra, Ayşe, and Aysen, Candas. “Change and Continuity under an Eclectic Social Security Regime: The Case of Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 47, no. 3 (2011): 515–28.Google Scholar
Buğra, Ayşe, and Çağlar, Keyder. “The Turkish Welfare Regime in Transformation.” Journal of European Social Policy 16, no. 3 (2006): 211–28.Google Scholar
Buğra, Ayşe, and Yakut-Cakar, Burcu. “Structural Change, the Social Policy Environment and Female Employment in Turkey.” Development and Change 41, no. 3 (2010): 517–38.Google Scholar
“Büyük Yaşlılık Araştırması: Türkiye’de ömür 20 Yılda 10 Yıl Uzadı.” National Geographic Türkiye, no. 133, May 2012.Google Scholar
Canpolat, Şebnem, “Population Ageing in Turkey: Current and Prospective Co-residence Pattern of Elderly Population.” PhD Dissertation, Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, 2008.Google Scholar
Çayır, Kenan, “Yaşçılık: Yaşa Dayalı Ayrımcılık.” In Ayrımcılık: Çok Boyutlu Yaklaşımlar, edited by Kenan, Çayır and Ayan Ceyhan, Müge, 163–74. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2012.Google Scholar
Chevalier, Sophie, “Gender, Kinship and the Market for Social Care.” In Family, Kinship and the State in Contemporary Europe, Vol. 3: Perspectives on Theory and Policy, edited by Patrick, Heady and Kohli, Martin, 315–29. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Daatland, Svein Olaf, and Katharina, Herlofson “Lost Solidarity’ or ‘Changed Solidarity’: A Comparative European View of Normative Family Solidarity..” Ageing and Society 23, no. 5 (2003): 537–60.Google Scholar
Das Gupta, Monica, “Lifeboat versus Corporate Ethic: Social and Demographic Implications of Stem and Joint Families..” In Household and the Stem Family in Eurasian Perspective, edited by FauveChamoux, Antoinette and Ochiai, Emiko, 444–66. Kyoto, Japan: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Economic History Conference, 1998.Google Scholar
Daatland, Svein Olav, Katharina, Herlofson, and Lima, Ivar A. “Balancing Generations: On the Strength and Character of Family Norms in the West and East of Europe.” Ageing and Society 31, no. 7 (2011): 1159–79.Google Scholar
Duben, Alan, “The Significance of Family and Kinship in Urban Turkey.” In Sex Roles, Family and Community in Turkey, edited by Çiğdem Kağıtçıbaşı, 73–99. Bloomington: Indiana University Turkish Studies, 1982.Google Scholar
Duben, Alan, “Household Formation in Late Ottoman İstanbul.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 22, no. 4 (1990):419–35.Google Scholar
Duben, Alan, “20. Yüzyılda İstanbul: Haneler, Aileler ve Demografik Gerçekler.” İn Eski İstanbullular, Yeni İstanbullular, edited by Murat, Güvenç, 35–44. İstanbul: Osmanlı Bankası Arşiv ve Araştırma Merkezi, 2009.Google Scholar
Duben, Alan, and Behar, Cem. İstanbul Households: Marriage, Family and Fertility 1880–1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Eder, Mine. “Retreating State? Political Economy of Welfare Regime Change in Turkey.” Middle East Law and Governance 2, no. 2 (2010): 152–84.Google Scholar
Erder, Sema, İstanbul’a Bir Kent Kondu: Ümraniye. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 1996.Google Scholar
Erder, Sema, “Urban Migration and the Reconstruction of Kinship Networks: The Case of İstanbul.” In Autonomy and Dependence in the Family, edited by Rita, Liljeström and Elizabeth, özdalga, 117–36. İstanbul: Swedish Research Institute, 2002.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, Gosta, Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Female Labor Force Participation in Turkey: Trends, Determinants and Policy Framework. World Bank Report No. 48508-TR (2009).Google Scholar
Gall, John, “Is There an Extended Family of Mediterranean Welfare States?” Journal of European Social Policy 20, no. 4 (2010): 283–300.Google Scholar
Ghezzi, Simone, “The Familistic Arrangements of Urban Households: The Case of Milan.” In Family, Kinship and the State in Contemporary Europe, Vol. 2: The View from Below, Nineteen Localities, edited by Patrick, Heady and Schweitzer, Peter, 274–88. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Gökçay, Gülbin, and Shorter, Frederic. “Who Lives with Whom in İstanbul?” New Perspectives on Turkey, no. 9 (1993): 47–73.Google Scholar
Grandits, Hannes, editor. Family, Kinship and the State in Contemporary Europe, Vol. 1: The Century of Welfare, Eight Countries. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Gruber, Siegfried, and Szottysek, Mikoraj. “Stem Families, joint Families, and the European Pattern: How Much of a Reconsideration Do We Need?” Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Working Paper, WP 2011–001 (2011).Google Scholar
Hammel, Eugene A., “The Elderly in the Bosom of the Family.” In Aging in the Past: Demography, Society, and Old Age, edited by Kertzer, David I. and Laslett, Peter, 107–28. Berkeley: University of California Press: 1995.Google Scholar
Heady, Patrick, and Kohli, Martin, editors. Family, Kinship and the State in Contemporary Europe, Vol. 2: The View from Below, Nineteen Localities. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Heady, Patrick, and Ou., Zhonghui “Reciprocity and Altruism in Practical Assistance.” In Family, Kinship and the State in Contemporary Europe, Vol. 3: Perspectives on Theory and Policy, edited by Patrick, Heady and Kohli, Martin, 159–76. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Igei, Corine, and Sydlic, Marc. “Grandchild Care and Welfare State Arrangements in Europe.” Journal of European Social Policy 21, no. 3 (2011): 210–24.Google Scholar
Judt, Tony, Postwar. A History of Europe since 1945. London: Penguin, 2005.Google Scholar
Kağıtçıbaşı, Çiğdem, The Changing Value of Children in Turkey. Honolulu: East-West Center, 1982.Google Scholar
Kağıtçıbaşı, Çiğdem, and Ataca, Bilge, “Value of Children and Family Change: A Three Decade Portrait from Turkey” Applied Psychology 54, no. 3 (2005): 317–337.Google Scholar
Kalaycı, Ahmet Rasim, editor. Türkiye’de Yaşlılık Dönemine İlişkin Beklentileri. Ankara: Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı, 2011.Google Scholar
Kalaycıoğlu, Sibel, Uğraş Ulaş, Toi, önder, Küçükural, and Kurtuluş, Cengiz, editors. Yaslılar ve Yaşlı Yakınları Açısından Yaşam Biçimi Tercihleri. Ankara: Türkiye Bilim Akademisi Raporları, 2003.Google Scholar
Kalaycıoğlu, Sibel, and Rittersberger-Tılıç, Helga. “Intergenerational Solidarity Networks of Instrumental and Cultural Transfers within Migrant Families in Turkey.” Ageing and Society 20, no. 5 (2000): 523–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kertzer, David I., and Barbagli, Marzio, editors. Family Life in the Twentieth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Kertzer, David I., “Age Structuring in Comparative and Historical Perspective.” In Age Structuring in Comparative Perspective, edited by David I., Kertzer and Schaie, K. Warner, 3–21. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989.Google Scholar
Keyder, Caglar, “The Housing Market from Informal to Global.” In İstanbul: Between the Global and the Local, edited by. Keyder, Caglar, 143–59. Boulder, Co.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999.Google Scholar
Kılıç, Azer, “The Gender Dimension of Social Policy Reform in Turkey: Towards Equal Citizenship.” Social Policy and Administration 42, no. 5 (2008): 487–503.Google Scholar
Kohli, Martin, Marco, Albertini, and Künemund, Harald “Linkages Among Adult Family Generations: Evidence from Comparative Survey Research.” In Family, Kinship and the State in Contemporary Europe, Vol. 3: Perspectives on Theory and Policy, edited by Patrick, Heady and Kohli, Martin, 225–48. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Kohli, Martin, and Heady, Patrick. “Conclusion: Implications for Policy.” In Family, Kinship and the State in Contemporary Europe: Vol. 3: Perspectives on Theory and Policy, edited by Patrick, Heady and Kohli, Martin, 395–410. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Koç, İsmet, özgören, Ayşe, and Şirinç, Hülya “Türkiye’de Yaşlıların Yaşam Kalitesi ve Aile Yapısının Yaşlıların Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi.” İn Türkiye’de Doğurgalık, Üreme Sağlığı ve Yaşlılık, 231–83. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, 2010.Google Scholar
Laslett, Peter, Household and Family in Past Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Laslett, Peter, “Necessary Knowledge: Age and Aging in the Societies of the Past.” In Aging in the Past: Demography, Society, and Old Age, edited by Kertzer, David I. and Laslett, Peter, 3–77. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Lee, Ronald D., “Intergenerational Transfers and the Economic Life Cycle: A Cross-Cultural Perspective.” In Sharing the Wealth: Demographic Change and Economic Transfers between Generations, edited by Andrew, Mason and Tapinos, Georges, 17–56. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Yean-Ju, “Support between Rural Parents and Migrant Children in a Rapidly Industrializing Society: South Korea.” In Sharing the Wealth: Demographic Change and Economic Transfers between Generations, edited by Andrew, Mason and Tapinos, Georges, 282–305. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Mason, Andrew, and Tapinos, Georges. “Introduction.” In Sharing the Wealth: Demographic Change and Economic Transfers between Generations, edited by Andrew, Mason and Tapinos, Georges, 1–14. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Martin, Claude, “Social Welfare and the Family in Southern Europe.” In Southern European Welfare States: Between Crisis and Reform, edited by Martin, Rhodes, 23–40. London: Frank Cass, 1997.Google Scholar
Myers, George C., “Demography of Aging.” In Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, 3rd edition, edited by Binstock, Robert H. and George, Linda K. New York: Academic Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Myles, John, “A New Social Contract for the Elderly?” In Why We Need a New Welfare State, edited by Gosta, Esping-Andersen, 130–72. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naldini, Manuela, The Family in the Mediterranean Welfare States. London: Frank Cass, 2003.Google Scholar
Navarro-Yashi, Yael, Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in Turkey. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Reher, David, “Family Ties in Western Europe: Persistent Contrasts.” Population and Development Review 24, no. 2 (1998): 203–34.Google Scholar
özbay, Ferhunde, “Nüfus Hareketleri ve Göç Sorunu: İstanbul örneği.” Türkiye Mühendislik Haberleri, no. 395 (June, 1998): 37–52.Google Scholar
özbay, Ferhunde, “Türkiye’de Demografik Geçiş ve Yaşlı Nüfus,” Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Sosyal Politika Forumu, Türkiye Friedrich Ebert Vakfı, 2009.Google Scholar
özbay, Ferhunde, “Türkiye’de Ulus-Devlet ve Nüfus Bilgisi.” Toplum ve Bilim, no. 118 (2010): 165–178.Google Scholar
özbay, Ferhunde, “Türkiye’de Ev Emeğinin Dönüşümü: Ondokuzuncu Yüzyıldaki Ev Kölelerinden Günümüzdeki Kaçak Göçmen işçilere.” In Geçmişten Günümüze Türkiye’de Kadın Emeği, edited by Ahmet, Makal and Toksöz, Gülten, 1–22. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Pamuk, Orhan, İstanbul: Hatıralar ve Şehir. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2003.Google Scholar
Rasuly-Paleczek, Gabriele, “Some Remarks on the Study of Household Composition and Intra-Family Relations in Rural and Urban Turkey.” In Turkish Families in Transition, edited by Rasuly-Paleczek, Gabriele, 1–44. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1996.Google Scholar
Ruggles, Steven, “Stem Families and Joint Families in Comparative Historical Perspective.” Population and Development Review 36, no. 3 (2010): 563–77.Google Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall, “On the Sociology of Primitive Exchange.” In Stone Age Economics, by Marshall, Sahlins, 185–275. London: Tavistock Publications, 1982.Google Scholar
Segalen, Martine, “Kinship Ties in European Families.” In Family Life in the Twentieth Century edited by Kertzer, David I., and Barbagli, Marzio, 350–367. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Segalen, Martine, “The Modern Reality of Kinship: Sources and Significance of New Kinship Forms in Contemporary Europe.” In Perspectives on Theory and Policy, Vol. 3, edited by Patrick, Heady and Kohli, Martin, 249–70. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Merrill, “Intergenerational Family Transfers in Social Context.” In Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, 6th ed., edited by Binstock, Robert H. and Linda K., George, 165–80. Burlington, MA: Elsevier, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverstein, Merril, and Conroy, Stephen J. “Intergenerational Transmission of Moral Capital across the Family Life Course.” In Cultural Transmission: Psychological, Developmental, Social, and Methodological Aspects, edited by Ute, Schönpflug, 317–37. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Therborn, Göran, European Modernity and Beyond: The Trajectory of European Societies, 1945–2000. London: Sage Publications, 1995.Google Scholar
Therborn, Göran, Between Sex and Power. Family in the World, 1900–2000. London: Routledge, 2004.Google Scholar
TÜİK, 2000 Genel Nüfus Sayımı. Available at http://www.tuik.gov.tr.Google Scholar
TÜİK, “İstatistiklerle Kadın,” 2012. Available at http://www.tuik.gov.tr.Google Scholar
United Nations. “World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision.” Available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/.Google Scholar
Viazzo, Pier Paolo, and Francesco, Zaratelli. “Welfare as a Moral Obligation: Changing Patterns of Family Support in Italy and the Mediterranean.” In Family, Kinship and the State in Contemporary Europe, Vol. 1: The Century of Welfare, Eight Countries, edited by Hannes, Crandits, 47–92. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Wall, Richard, “Intergenerational Relationships Past and Present.” In The New Generational Contract: Intergenerational Relations, Old Age and Welfare, edited by Alan, Walker, 37–55. London: UCL Press, 1996.Google Scholar
White, Jenny, Money Makes Us Relatives: Women’s Labor in Urban Turkey. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Yazıcı, Berna, “The Return to the Family: Welfare, State, and Politics of the Family in Turkey.” Anthropological Quarterly 85, no. 1 (2012): 103–40.Google Scholar