Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-12T00:53:19.489Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Britain, the International Spectrum, and the Eastern Question, 1827-1841

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2015

Roderic H. Davison*
Affiliation:
George Washington University, Department of History

Extract

We commemorated in 1988 the sesquicentennial of the Convention of Balta Limani, the ground-breaking Ottoman-British commercial agreement that set a pattern for Ottoman agreements with other powers in the years immediately following. The Convention sprang from British interests and from Ottoman needs during the 1830s in the Near East. My function is to sketch the general international background for the Convention, to look at the situation of the Ottoman Empire, at British foreign policy in the early nineteenth century, and in particular at the development of British policy in the Near East in the years from 1827 to 1841. A subtitle indicating the desirable breadth of view might read “From Navarino (1827) to Nezib (1839), and from Hercules’ Pillars to Hormuz and Herat.”

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, E. M. 1966. The Eastern Question, 1774-1923, New York: St. Martins Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aristarchi, Grégoire (ed.). 187388. Législation ottomane. Constantinople.Google Scholar
Bailey, Frank Edgar. 1942. British Policy and the Turkish Reform Movement: A Study in Anglo-Turkish Relations, 1826-1853. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bell, Herbert C. F. 1936. Lord Palmerston. 2 vols. London: Longmans Green; Hamden, CT: Archon Books.Google Scholar
Bourne, Kenneth (ed.). 1979. The Letters of the Third Viscount Palmerston to Laurence and Elizabeth Sulivan, 1804-63. London: Royal Historical Society.Google Scholar
Bulwer, Henry (Lord Dalling). 18701876. Life of Viscount Palmerston. London.Google Scholar
Cecil, Algernon. 1927. British Foreign Secretaries, 1807-1916, London: G. Bell and SonsGoogle Scholar
Crawley, C. W. 1930. The Question of Greek Independence: A Study of British Policy in the Near East, 1821-1833. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Erim, Nihat (ed.). 1953. Devletlerarasi Hukuk ve Siyasi Tarih Metinleri, I: Osmanli Imparatorluğu Andlaşmalari. Ankara.Google Scholar
Gleason, John H. 1950. The Genesis of Russophobia in Great Britain: A Study of the Interaction of Policy and Opinion. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, Marshall G. S. 1974. The Venture of Islam. 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskins, Halford L. 1928. British Rouies to India. New York: Longmans Green.Google Scholar
Hurewitz, J. C. (ed.). 1975-. The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics: A Documentary Record — European Expansion, 1535-1914. Vol. I. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Kaynar, Reşat. 1954. Mustafa Reşit Paşa ve Tanzimat. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi.Google Scholar
Kurmuş, Orhan. 1983. “The 1838 Treaty of Commerce Re-examined,” in Bacqué-Grammont, J-L. and Dumont, Paul (eds.), Economie et société dans l'Empire ottoman (Fin du XVIIIè - Début du XXè siècle. Paris.Google Scholar
Moseley, Philip E. 1934. Russian Diplomacy and the Opening of the Eastern Question in 1838 and 1839. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, Roger. 1981. The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800-1914? London and New York: Methuen.Google Scholar
Puryear, Vernon J. 1935. International Economics and Diplomacy in the Near East: A Study of British Commercial Policy in the Levant, 1834-1853. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Rivlin, Helen Anne B. 1961. The Agricultural Policy of Muhammad Ali in Egypt. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, Georg. 1866. Geschichte der Türkei von dem Siege der Reform im Jahre 1826 bis zum Pariser Tractat vom Jahre 1856. 2 vols. Leipzig: Verlag G. Hirzel.Google Scholar
Seton-Watson, R. W. 1938. Britain in Europe, 1789-1914: A Survey of Foreign Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Temperley, Harold W. V. 1936. England and the Near East: The Crimea. London: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Tengirşenk, Yusuf K. 1940. “Tanzimat Devrinde Osmanli Devletinin Haric^i Ticaret Siyaseti,” in Tanzimat I. Istanbul: Maarif Matbaasi, pp. 289320.Google Scholar
Webster, Charles. 1951. The Foreign Policy of Palmerston, 1830-1841: Britain, the Liberal Movement and the Eastern Question. 2 vols. London: G. Bell and Sons.Google Scholar