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The theory of KM2O-Langevin equations and applications to data analysis (II): Causal analysis (1)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2016

Yasunori Okabe  and
Akihiko Inoue
Yasunori Okabe
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060Japan
Akihiko Inoue
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060Japan
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It is not too much to say that the problem of finding a cause-and-effect relationship is a fascinating and eternal theme in both natural and social sciences. It is often difficult to decide whether one is the cause of another in two related phenomena, but it is an important problem. It is related to the internal structure of phenomena which generate deterministic or random changes as time passes. We note that the phenomena to be considered are often not deterministic but random. For example, in physical systems such as quantum mechanics or chaotic classical mechanics, it is well known that certain probabilistic reasonings are indispensable.

Type
Research Article
Information
Nagoya Mathematical Journal , Volume 134 , June 1994 , pp. 1 - 28
Copyright
Copyright © Editorial Board of Nagoya Mathematical Journal 1994

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