Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T12:30:30.376Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Structure of Carbon Blacks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2011

T. W. Zerda ,
J. Qian ,
C. Pantea  and
T. Ungar
T. W. Zerda
Affiliation:
TCU, Department of Physics, Fort Worth, TX 76129
J. Qian
Affiliation:
TCU, Department of Physics, Fort Worth, TX 76129
C. Pantea
Affiliation:
TCU, Department of Physics, Fort Worth, TX 76129
T. Ungar
Affiliation:
Eotvos University, Dept of General Physics, Budapest, Hungary TCU, Department of Physics, Fort Worth, TX 76129
Get access

Abstract

X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and neutron scattering were used to characterize structure of carbon blacks. Different grades, N990, N774, N299, N134, and N110, untreated, after heat treatment and compressed at 2.5 GPa have been investigated. The average sizes of the crystallites obtained by X-ray diffraction agree with those estimated from Raman spectra. The distribution functions of crystallite sizes were evaluated from X-ray diffraction using the recently developed method. Heat treatment results in increased vertical and lateral sizes of graphitic crystallites. Postproduction pressure treatment has little effect on the average sizes of the crystallites, however, it affects the crystallite size distribution function. The magnitude of strain within the crystallites is affected by applied pressure. The relative concentration of amorphous carbon blacks estimated from Raman spectra decreases with increasing temperature but not with increased pressure. It is suggested that the initial growth is associated with alignment of the existing graphitic planes and later by incorporating aromatic carbon into the crystallites.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 661: Symposium KK – Filled & Nanocomposite Polymer Materials , 2000 , KK6.4
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Donnet, J. B., Bansal, R. C., and Wang, J. M., Carbon Black, M. Dekker, New York, 1993.Google Scholar
2. Biscoe, J. and Warren, B. E., J. Appl. Phys. 13, 364, (1942).Google Scholar
3. Zerda, T. W., Xu, W., Yuang, H., and Gerspacher, M., Rubber Chem. Technol. 71, 26 (1998).Google Scholar
4. Zerda, T. W., Xu, W., Zerda, A., Zhao, Y., and Dreele, R. B. Von, Carbon, 38, 355 (2000).Google Scholar
5. Gruber, T., Zerda, T. W., and Gerspacher, M., Carbon, 32, 1377 (1994).Google Scholar
6. Gerspacher, M., O'Farrell, C. P., and Wampler, W. A., Rubber World, 212, 26 (1995).Google Scholar
7. Schuster, R. and Schroeder, A., proceedings, ACS Rubber Division Meeting, Dallas, April 2000, submitted to Kautschuk, Gummi, Kunststoffe Google Scholar
8. Hjelm, R., Wampler, W. A., Seeger, P. A., and Gerspacher, M., J. Mater. Res. 9, 3210 (1994).Google Scholar
9. Xu, W., Zerda, T. W., Raab, H., and Goritz, D., Carbon, 35, 471 (1997).Google Scholar
10. Langford, J. I., Louer, D., and Scardi, P., J. Appl. Cryst. 33, 964 (2000).Google Scholar
11. Ungar, T., Gubicza, J., Ribarik, G., and Zerda, T. W., in MRS Symp. Filled and Nanocomposite Polymer Materails, eds. Hjelm, R. P., Nakatani, A. I., Gerspacher, M., and Krishnamoorti, R., Boston (2000).Google Scholar
12. Ungar, T., Borbely, A., Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3173 (1996).Google Scholar
13. Gubicza, J., Szepvölgyi, J., Mohai, I., Zsoldos, L., and Ungar, T., Mat. Sci. Eng. A 280, 263 (2000).Google Scholar
14. Tuinstra, F. and Koenig, J. L., J. Chem. Phys. 53, 1126 (1970).Google Scholar
15. Nakamura, K. and Kitajima, M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 1550 (1991).Google Scholar