Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-8zxtt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T08:27:32.974Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Stress and Stability of Sputter Deposited A-15 and BCC Crystal Structure Tungsten Thin Films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

M. J. O'keefe
Affiliation:
Avionics Directorate, Wright Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433
C. E. Stutz
Affiliation:
Avionics Directorate, Wright Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433
Get access

Abstract

Magnetron sputter deposition was used to fabricate body centered cubic (bec) and A-15 crystal structure W thin films. Previous work demonstrated that the as-deposited crystal structure of the films was dependent on the deposition parameters and that the formation of a metastable A-15 structure was favored over the thermodynamically stable bec phase when the films contained a few atomic percent oxygen. However, the A-15 phase was shown to irreversibly transform into the bec phase between 500°C and 650°C and that a significant decrease in the resistivity of the metallic films was measured after the transformation. The current investigation of 150 nm thick, sputter deposited A-15 and bec tungsten thin films on silicon wafers consisted of a series of experiments in which the stress, resistivity and crystal structure of the films was measured as a function of temperature cycles in a Flexus 2900 thin film stress measurement system. The as-deposited film stress was found to be a function of the sputtering pressure and presputter time; under conditions in which the as-deposited stress of the film was ∼ 1.5 GPa compressive delamination of the W film from the substrate was observed. Data from the thermal studies indicated that bec film stress was not affected by annealing but transformation of the A-15 structure resulted in a large tensile increase in the stress of the film, regardless of the as-deposited stress of the film. In several instances, complete transformation of the A-15 structure into the bec phase resulted in ≥ 1 GPa tensile increase in film stress.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. O'Keefe, M. J., Horiuchi, S., Rigsbee, J. M. and Chu, J. P, Thin Solid films 247, 169 (1994).Google Scholar
2. O'Keefe, M. J., Grant, J. T. and Solomon, J. S., J. Elect. Mat. 24, 961 (1995).Google Scholar
3. O'Keefe, M. J., and Cerny, C. L., in Rapid Thermal and Integrated Processing IV, Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. 387, 377 (1995).Google Scholar
4. O'Keefe, M. J., and Grant, J. T., J. App. Phys. 79, 9134 (1996).Google Scholar
5. Arita, M. and Nishida, I., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, 1759 (1993).Google Scholar
6. Hoffman, D. W. and Thornton, J. A., Thin Solid films 45, 387 (1977).Google Scholar