Hostname: page-component-68945f75b7-wph62 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-05T19:21:45.415Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Simulations of High-Strain Electrostrictive Chlorinated Terpolymers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

George J. Kavarnos
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U.S.A.
Thomas Ramotowski
Affiliation:
Transduction Materials Branch, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI 02841, U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

Chlorinated poly(vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) terpolymers are remarkable examples of high strain electrostrictive materials. These polymers are synthesized by copolymerizing vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene with small levels of a third chlorinated monomer. The electromechanical responses of these materials are believed to originate from the chlorine atom, which, by its presence in the polymer chains and by virtue of its large van der Waals radius, destroys the long-range crystalline polar macro-domains and transforms the polymer from a normal to a high-strain relaxor ferroelectric. To exploit the strain properties of the terpolymer, it is desirable to understand the structural implications resulting from the presence of the chlorinated monomer. To this end, computations have been performed on model superlattices of terpolymers using quantum-mechanical based force fields. The focus has been on determining the energetics and kinetics of crystallization of the various polymorphs that have been identified by x-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chlorinated monomer is shown to act as a defect that can be incorporated into the lamellar structures of annealed terpolymer without a high cost in energy. The degree of incorporation of the chlorinated monomer into the crystal lattice is controlled by annealing conditions and ultimately determines the ferroelectric behavior of the terpolymers.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Olson, D., Xu, H. S., Li, H., Cheng, Z.-Y., Zhang, Q. M., Ting, R., Abdul-Sedat, G., Belfield, K. D., Ramotowski, T., Hughes, R., and Kavarnos, G., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 698, 191 (2002).Google Scholar
2. Chung, T. C. and Petchsuk, A., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 698, 211 (2002).Google Scholar
3. Newnham, R. E., Acta Cryst. A54, 729 (1998).10.1107/S010876739800912XGoogle Scholar
4. Xia, F., Cheng, Z., Xu, H., Li, H., Zhang, Q., Kavarnos, G. J., Ting, R. Y., Abdel-Sadek, G., and Belfield, K. D., Adv. Mat. 14, 1574 (2002).10.1002/1521-4095(20021104)14:21<1574::AID-ADMA1574>3.0.CO;2-#3.0.CO;2-#>Google Scholar
5. Cheng, Z.-Y., Olson, D., Xu, H., Xia, F., Hundal, J. S., Zhang, Q. M., Bateman, F. B., Kavarnos, G. J., Ramotowski, T., Macromolecules 22, 1100 (1989).Google Scholar
6. Kavarnos, G. J., Ramotowski, T., and Hughes, O. R., 2003 U. S. Navy Workshop on Acoustic Transduction Materials and Devices, May, 2003, State College, PA.Google Scholar
7. Klein, R. J., Runt, J., and Zhang, Q. M., in preparation.Google Scholar
8. Accelrys, Inc.Google Scholar
9. Karasawa, N. and Goddard, W. A. III, Macromolecules 25, 7268 (1992).10.1021/ma00052a031Google Scholar
10. Kavarnos, G. J., Robinson, H. C., and Holman, R. W., Ferroelectrics 205, 133 (1998).10.1080/00150199808228393Google Scholar
11. Cagin, T., Su, H., Strachan, A., Cuitino, A., Goddard, W. A. III, 2003 U. S. Navy Workshop on Acoustic Transduction Materials and Devices, May, 2003, State College, PA.Google Scholar
12. Ohigashi, H. and Koga, K., Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 21, L455 (1982).10.1143/JJAP.21.L455Google Scholar
13. Lovinger, A. J., Science 220, 1115 (1983).10.1126/science.220.4602.1115Google Scholar