Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-xxrs7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T15:23:46.572Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

α-RuCl3: A New Host for Polymer Intercalation. Lamellar Polymer/α-RuCI3 Nanocomposites.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

Lei Wang
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, East Lansing, MI 48824, kanatzid@argus.cem.msu.edu
Paul Brazis
Affiliation:
Northwestern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208
Melissa Rocci
Affiliation:
Northwestern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208
Carl R. Kannewurf
Affiliation:
Northwestern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, East Lansing, MI 48824, kanatzid@argus.cem.msu.edu
B. Claflin
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, East Lansing, MI 48824, kanatzid@argus.cem.msu.edu
G. Lucovsky
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, East Lansing, MI 48824, kanatzid@argus.cem.msu.edu
B. Claflin
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, East Lansing, MI 48824, kanatzid@argus.cem.msu.edu
G. Lucovsky
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, East Lansing, MI 48824, kanatzid@argus.cem.msu.edu
Get access

Abstract

α-RuCl3 was identified as a new host for polymer intercalation using different intercalative methods. It is found that Li0.2RuCl3 exfoliates in water into single [RuCl3]x− layers which can be used to encapsulate macromolecules. RuC13/polymer nanocomposites such as Li0.2(PEO)xRuCl3 (PEO=poly[ethylene oxide]), Li0.2(PVP)xRuCl3 (PVP=polyvinylpyrrolidone) and (PPY)xRuCl3 (PPY=polypyrrole) were successfully prepared. (PANI)xRuCl3 (PANI=polyaniline) was prepared by in situ intercalative polymerization directly from α-RuCl3. These nanocomposites were characterized with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), magnetic measurements, conductivity measurements and thermopower measurements.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 (a) Giannelis, E. P., Adv. Mater. 8, p. 2935 (1996). (b) E. Ruiz-Hitzky, Adv. Mater. 5, p. 334–340 (1993).10.1002/adma.19960080104Google Scholar
2 (a) Kanatzidis, M. G., Tonge, L. M., Marks, T. J., Marcy, H. O. and Kannewurf, C. R., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, p. 37973799 (1987). (b) C.-G. Wu, M. G. Kanatzidis, H. O. Marcy and C. R. Kannewurf, J Am. Chem. Soc. 111, p. 4139–4141 (1989). (c) L. F. Nazar, Z. Zhang, D. Zinkweg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, p. 6239–6240 (1992). (d) Y.-J. Liu and M. G. Kanatzidis, Inorg. Chem. 32, p. 2989–2991 (1993). (e) M. G. Kanatzidis, R. Bissessur, D. C. DeGroot, J. L. Schindler and C. R. Kannewurf, Chem. Mater. 5, p. 595–596 (1993).10.1021/ja00246a057Google Scholar
3 (a) Leroux, F., Koene, B. E. and Nazar, L. F., J. Electrochem. Soc. 143(9), p. L181–L183 (1996). (b) F. Leroux, G. Goward, W. P. Power and L. F. Nazar, J. Electrochem. Soc. 144(11), p. 3886–3895 (1997).10.1149/1.1837078Google Scholar
4 Fletcher, J. M., Gardner, W. E., Fox, A. C., and Topping, G., J. Chem.Soc. (A), 1967, 10381045.10.1039/J19670001038Google Scholar
5 (a) Schöllhorn, R., Steffen, R., and Wagner, K., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 22, p. 555556 (1983). (b) R. Steffen and R. Schöllhorn, Solid State Ionics 22, p. 31–41 (1986). (c) W. Nonte, M. Lobert, W. Müller-Warmuth, and R. Schöllhorn, Synthetic Metals 34, p. 665–670 (1989).10.1002/anie.198305551Google Scholar
6 In situ redox intercalative polymerization has been successfully applied to FeOC1[2a], V2O5 [2b] and VOPO4 [6a]. (a) G. Matsubayashi and H. Nakajima, Chem. Lett. 1993, p. 31–34.Google Scholar
7 The method of encapsulative precipitation from solutions of exfoliated lamellar solids has be applied to MoS2 [2e], MoO3 [7a], TaS2[7b] and NbSe2[7c]: (a) Wang, L., Schindler, J., Kannewurf, C. R. and Kanatzidis, M. G., J Mater. Chem. 7, p. 12771283 (1997). (b) L. Wang, J. Schindler, C. R. Kannewurf and M. G. Kanatzidis, manuscript in preparation. (c) H.-L. Tsai, J. L. Schindler, C. R. Kannewurf and M. G. Kanatzidis, paper submitted.10.1039/a700202eGoogle Scholar
8 The method of in situ polymerization coupled with encapsulative precipitation has been applied to MoS2 [8a], MoO3 [8b] and WS2[8c]: (a) Wang, L., Schindler, J. L., Thomas, J. A., Kannewurf, C. R. and Kanatzidis, M. G., Chem. Mater. 7, p. 17531755 (1995). (b) T. A. Kerr, H. Wu and L. F. Nazar, Chem. Mater. 8, p. 2005–2015 (1996). (c) M. G. Kanatzidis, H.-L. Tsai and L. Wang, manuscript in preparation.10.1021/cm00058a001Google Scholar
9 In the case of polyaniline/FeOC1, even single crystals of the nanocomposite can be obtained: Wu, C.-G., DeGroot, D. C., Marcy, H. O., Schindler, J. L., Kannewurf, C. R., Bakas, T., Papaefthymiou, V., Hirpo, W., Yesinowski, J. P., Liu, Y.-J. and Kanatzidis, M. G., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, p. 92299242 (1995).10.1021/ja00141a015Google Scholar
10 Wang, L., Brazis, P., Rocci, M., Kannewurf, C. R. and Kanatzidis, M. G., paper submitted.Google Scholar
11 Due to the preferential orientation of the layers on the XRD sample holder, the reflection-mode powder XRD patterns show predominantly 001 reflections. The transmission-mode powder XRD patterns show mainly hk0 reflections.Google Scholar
12 Wang, L. and Kanatzidis, M. G., manuscript in preparation.Google Scholar
13 Polypyrrole shows infrared absorption peaks at 1540, 1300, 1150, 1040 and 900 cm−1: Kang, E. T., Neoh, K. G., Tan, T. C. and Ong, Y. K., J Macromol. Sci. Chem. A24, p. 631644 (1987).10.1080/00222338708058518Google Scholar
14 Binotto, L., Pollini, I. and Spinolo, G., Phys. Stat. Sol. (B) 44, p. 245252 (1971).10.1002/pssb.2220440126Google Scholar
15 Kobayashi, Y., Okada, T., Asai, K., Katada, M., Sano, H. and Ambe, F., Inorg. Chem. 31, p. 45704574 (1992).10.1021/ic00048a025Google Scholar