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Novel Biologically Inspired Nanostructured Scaffolds for Directing Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2013

Benjamin Holmes ,
Nathan J. Castro ,
Jian Li  and
Lijie Grace Zhang
Benjamin Holmes
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Nathan J. Castro
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Jian Li
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
Lijie Grace Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
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Abstract

Cartilage defects, which are caused by a variety of reasons such as traumatic injuries, osteoarthritis, or osteoporosis, represent common and severe clinical problems. Each year, over 6 million people visit hospitals in the U.S. for various knee, wrist, and ankle problems. As modern medicine advances, new and novel methodologies have been explored and developed in order to solve and improve current medical problems. One of the areas of investigation is tissue engineering [1, 2]. Since cartilage matrix is nanocomposite, the goal of the current work is to use nanomaterials and nanofabrication methods to create novel biologically inspired tissue engineered cartilage scaffolds for facilitating human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. For this purpose, through electrospinning techniques, we designed a series of novel 3D biomimetic nanostructured scaffolds based on carbon nanotubes and biocompatible poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) polymers. Specifically, a series of electrospun fibrous PLLA scaffolds with controlled fiber dimension and surface nanoporosity were fabricated in this study. In vitro hMSC studies showed that stem cells prefer to attach in the scaffolds with smaller fiber diameter or suitable nanoporous structures. More importantly, our in vitro differentiation results demonstrated that incorporation of the biomimetic carbon nanotubes and poly L-lysine coating can induce GAG and collagen synthesis that is indicative of chondrogenic differentiations of MSCs. Our novel scaffolds also performed better than controls, which make them promising for cartilage tissue engineering applications.

Keywords

fibertissuepolymer
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1498: Symposium L – Biomimetic, Bio-inspired and Self-Assembled Materials for Engineered Surfaces and Applications , 2013 , pp. 59 - 66
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

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