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Hierarchical Biomaterials Mechanics of Bone and Bone Substitutes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Christian Hellmich ,
Andreas Fritsch  and
Luc Dormieux
Christian Hellmich
Affiliation:
christian.hellmich@tuwien.ac.at, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/202, Vienna, A-1040, Austria
Andreas Fritsch
Affiliation:
andreas.fritsch@tuwien.ac.at, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
Luc Dormieux
Affiliation:
dormieux@lmsgc.enpc.fr, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Marne-la-Vallee, France
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Abstract

Biomimetics deals with the application of nature-made ‘design solutions’ to the realm of engineering. In the quest to understand mechanical implications of structural hierarchies found in biological materials, multiscale mechanics may hold the key to understand ‘building plans’ inherent to entire material classes, here bone and bone replacement materials. Analyzing a multitude of biophysical hierarchical and biomechanical experiments through homogenization theories for upscaling stiffness and strength properties, reveals the following design principles: The elementary component ‘collagen’ induces, right at the nanolevel, the mechanical anisotropy of bone materials, which is amplified by fibrillar collagen-based structures at the 100 nm-scale, and by pores in the micrometer-to-millimeter regime. Hydroxyapatite minerals are poorly organized, and provide stiffness and strength in a quasi-brittle manner. Water layers between hydroxyapatite crystals govern the inelastic behavior of the nano-composite, unless the ‘collagen reinforcement’ breaks. Bone replacement materials should mimic these ‘microstructural mechanics’-features as closely as possible.

Keywords

bonemicrostructurestrength
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1239: Symposium VV – Micro- and Nanoscale Processing of Biomaterials , 2009 , 1239-VV03-08
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

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