Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-7nlkj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-27T13:43:40.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Triple Junction n-i-p Solar Cells with Hot-Wire Deposited Protocrystalline and Microcrystalline Silicon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Ruud E.I. Schropp ,
Hongbo Li ,
Ronald H.J. Franken ,
Jatindra K. Rath ,
Karine van der Werf ,
Jan Willem Schüttauf  and
Robert L. Stolk
Ruud E.I. Schropp
Affiliation:
r.e.i.schropp@phys.uu.nl, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy,, SID - Physics of Devices,, P.O. Box 80.000, Utrecht, 3508 TA, Netherlands, +31-302533170, +31-302543165
Hongbo Li
Affiliation:
h.li@phys.uu.nl, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy,, SID - Physics of Devices,, P.O. Box 80.000, Utrecht, 3508 TA, Netherlands
Ronald H.J. Franken
Affiliation:
r.h.j.franken@phys.uu.nl, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy,, SID - Physics of Devices,, P.O. Box 80.000, Utrecht, 3508 TA, Netherlands
Jatindra K. Rath
Affiliation:
j.k.rath@phys.uu.nl, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy,, SID - Physics of Devices,, P.O. Box 80.000, Utrecht, 3508 TA, Netherlands
Karine van der Werf
Affiliation:
c.h.m.vanderwerf@phys.uu.nl, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy,, SID - Physics of Devices,, P.O. Box 80.000, Utrecht, 3508 TA, Netherlands
Jan Willem Schüttauf
Affiliation:
j.a.schuttauf@phys.uu.nl, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy,, SID - Physics of Devices,, P.O. Box 80.000, Utrecht, 3508 TA, Netherlands
Robert L. Stolk
Affiliation:
R.L.Stolk@phys.uu.nl, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy,, SID - Physics of Devices,, P.O. Box 80.000, Utrecht, 3508 TA, Netherlands
Get access

Abstract

We have implemented a number of methods to improve the performance of proto-Si/proto-SiGe/μc-Si:H triple junction n-i-p solar cells in which the top and bottom cell i-layers are deposited by Hot-Wire CVD. Firstly, a significant current enhancement is obtained by using textured Ag/ZnO back contacts developed in house instead of plain stainless steel. We studied the correlation between the integrated current density in the long wavelength range (650-1000 nm) with the back reflector surface roughness and clarified that the rms roughness from 2D AFM images correlates well with the long wavelength response of the cell when weighted with a Power Spectral Density function. For single junction 2-μm thick μc-Si:H n-i-p cells we improved the short circuit current density from the value of 15.2 mA/cm2 for plain stainless steel to 23.4 mA/cm2 for stainless steel coated with a textured Ag/ZnO back reflector.

Secondly, we optimized the μc-Si:H n-type doped layer on this rough back reflector, the n/i interface, and in addition used a profiling scheme for the H2/SiH4 ratio during i-layer deposition. The H2 dilution during growth was stepwise increased in order to prevent a transition to amorphous growth. The efficiency that was reached for a single junction μc-Si:H n-i-p cell was 8.5%, which is the highest reported value for hot-wire deposited cells of this kind, whereas the deposition rate of 2.1 Å/s is about twice as high as in record cells of this type so far. Moreover, these cells show to be totally stable under light-soaking tests.

Combining the above techniques, a rather thin triple junction cell (total silicon thickness 2.5 μm) has been obtained with an efficiency of 10.9%. Preliminary light-soaking tests show that this type of triple cells degrades by less than 4%.

Keywords

photovoltaicchemical vapor deposition (CVD) (deposition)nanostructure
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 989: Symposium A – Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology-2007 , 2007 , 0989-A15-03
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Schropp, R.E.I., Veen, M.K. van, Werf, C.H.M. van der, Williamson, D.L, Mahan, A.H., Proceedings of the 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Paris (France), June 2004, p. 1526.Google Scholar
2 Strengers, J.J.H., Rubinelli, F.A., Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., Thin Solid Films 501 (2006) 291 Google Scholar
3 Veen, M.K. van and Schropp, R.E.I., Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) 287.Google Scholar
4 Stolk, R.L., Li, H., Franken, R.H., Strengers, J.J.H., Werf, C.H.M. van der, Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352 (2006) 1933.Google Scholar
5 Yan, B., Yue, G., Owens, J.M., Yang, J., Guha, S., 4th WCPEC, May 2006, Waikoloa Village, Hawaii (USA).Google Scholar
6 Gordijn, A., Zambrano, R. Jimenez, Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., IEEE Trans. Elec. Dev. 49 (2002) 949.Google Scholar
7 Li, H., Franken, R.H., Stolk, R.L., Werf, C.H.M. van der, Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., accepted for publication in Thin Solid Films.Google Scholar
8 Stolk, R.L., Strengers, J.J.H., Li, H., Franken, R.H., Werf, C.H.M. van der, Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., Proc. 20th PVSEC, June 2005, Barcelona (Spain), p. 1655.Google Scholar
9 Li, H., Stolk, R.L., Werf, C.H.M. van der, Franken, R.H., Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., J. NonCryst. Solids 352 (2006) 1941.Google Scholar
10 Veen, M.K. van, Ph.D. thesis, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, 2003.Google Scholar
11 Li, H., Stolk, R.L., Werf, C.H.M. van der, Franken, R.H., Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 352 (2006), 1941–1944 Google Scholar
12 Zambrano, R. Jimenez, Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 299-302 (2002) 1131–1135 Google Scholar
13 Franken, R.H., Stolk, R.L., Li, H., Werf, C.H.M. van der, Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., Proceedings of the 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Dresden (Germany), September 2006, p. 1565.Google Scholar
14 Franken, R.H., Stolk, R.L., Li, H., Werf, C.H.M. van der, Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., Proceedings of the 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Dresden (Germany), September 2006, p. 1744.Google Scholar
15 Franken, R.H., Stolk, R.L., Li, H., Werf, C.H.M. van der, Rath, J.K., Schropp, R.E.I., accepted for publication in J. Appl. Phys, 2007.Google Scholar
16 Collins, R.W. and Ferlauto, A.S., Curr. Opin. Solid State and Mater. Sci. 6 (2002) 425.Google Scholar
17 Koh, J., Ferlauto, A.S., Rovira, P.I., Wronski, C.R., Collins, R.W., Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (1999) 2286.Google Scholar
18 Klein, S., Finger, F., Carius, R., Rech, B., Houben, L., Luysberg, M., Stutzmann, M., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 715 (2002) A26.2.1 Google Scholar
19 Kupich, M., Kumar, P., Dusane, R.O., Schwender, N., Grunsky, D., Schröder, B., Proceedings of the 20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., Barcelona (Spain), June 2005, p. 1679.Google Scholar