Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-16T00:44:52.256Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Urban Class and Communal Consciousness in Colonial Punjab: The Genesis of India's Intermediate Regime

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Richard G. Fox
Richard G. Fox
Affiliation:
Duke University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

A cornerstone of Wallerstein's (1974) theory of the capitalist world system is that economic development occurs in certain (core) regions of the world system at the expense of development in other (peripheral) regions. This thesis, accepted in one form or another by scholars following a dependency, neo-Marxist, or unequal exchange conception of economic development (as, for example, Amin 1976 or Laclau 1971; see discussion in Foster-Carter 1973 and Kahn 1980: 203ff) provides the foundation for their avowal of the ‘development of underdevelopment.’ The development of the core industrial capitalist nations required, so they argue, the distorted and repressed economic development of the third world.

Type
Articles
Information
Modern Asian Studies , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , July 1984 , pp. 459 - 489
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alavi, Hamza 1973 ‘Peasant Classes and Primordial Loyalties’, Journal of Peasant Studies 1: 23–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alavi, Hamza 1980 ‘India: Transition from Feudalism to Colonial Capitalism’, Journal of Contemporary Asia 10: 359–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amin, Samir 1976 Unequal Development (New York: Monthly Review Press).Google Scholar
Banaji, Jairus 1977 ‘Modes of Production in a Materialist Conception of History’, Capital and Class 3: 1–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banga, Indu 1978 Agrarian System of the Sikhs: Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries (New Delhi: Manohar).Google Scholar
Barrier, Norman Gerald 1966 The Punjab Alienation of Land Bill of 1900, Monograph #2 of the Program in Comparative Studies on Southern Asia, Duke University, Durham, NC.Google Scholar
Barrier, Norman Gerald 1967 ‘The Punjab Disturbances of 1907: The Response of the British Government in India to Agrarian Unrest’, Modern Asian Studies 1: 353–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrier, Norman Gerald 1970 The Sikhs and Their Literature (Delhi: Manohar).Google Scholar
Brenner, Robert 1976 ‘Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe’, Past and Present 70: 30–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brow, James 1981 ‘Class Formation and Ideological Practice: A Case from Sri Lanka’, The Journal of Asian Studies XL: 703–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassen, R. H. 1978 India: Population, Economy, and Society (London: Macmillan).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlesworth, Neil 1978 ‘Rich Peasants and Poor Peasants in Late Nineteenth-Century Maharasthra’, in The Imperial Impact: Studies in the Economic History of Africa and India (Dewey, Clive and Hopkins, A. G., Eds, London: Athlone Press), pp. 97–113.Google Scholar
Darling, Sir Malcolm 1947 The Punjab Peasant in Prosperity and Debt (Fourth edn, London: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Dewey, Clive 1978 ‘The End of the Imperialism of Free Trade: The Eclipse of the Lancashire Lobby and the Concession of Fiscal Autonomy to India’, in The Imperial Impact: Studies in the Economic History of Africa and India (Dewey, Clive and Hopkins, A. G., Eds, London: Athlone Press), pp. 35–67.Google Scholar
Domin, Dolores 1974 ‘Some Aspects of British Land Policy in Panjab After Its Annexation in 1849’, The Punjab Past and Present 8: 12–31.Google Scholar
Foster-Carter, Aidan 1973 ‘Neo-Marxist Approaches to Development and Underdevelopment’, Journal of Contemporary Asia 3: 7–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, Richard G. n.d.a ‘Determinants of Sikh Identity.’ Unpublished ms.Google Scholar
Fox, Richard G. n.d.b ‘Contradiction, Resistance, and Conflict in the World System: British Colonialism and Punjabi Labor.’ Unpublished ms.Google Scholar
Fox, Richard G., Charlotte, Aull, and Louis, Cimino 1978 ‘Ethnic Nationalism and Political Mobilization in Industrial Societies’, in Interethnic Communication. Proceedings of the Southern Anthropological Society #12 (Ross, Lamar, Ed., Athens: University of Georgia Press), pp. 114–33.Google Scholar
Fox, Richard G., Charlotte, Aull, and Louis, Cimino 1981 ‘Ethnic Nationalism and the Welfare State’, in Ethnic Change (Keyes, Charles F., Ed., Seattle: University of Washington Press), pp. 198–245.Google Scholar
Frykenberg, Robert Eric 1965 Guntur District, 1788–1848 (London: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Gereffi, Gary and Peter, Evans 1981 ‘Transnational Corporations, Dependent Development, and State Policy in the Semiperiphery: A Comparison of Brazil and Mexico’, Latin American Research Review 16: 31–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Government of India 1882 Census of India 1881: The Punjab Part I.Google Scholar
Government of India 1892 Census of India 1891: The Punjab Part I.Google Scholar
Government of India 1902 Census of India 1901: The Punjab Part I.Google Scholar
Government of India 1912 Census of India 1911: The Punjab Part I.Google Scholar
Jha, Prem Shankar 1980 India: A Political Economy of Stagnation (Bombay: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Jones, Kenneth W. 1973 ‘Ham Hindu Nahin: Arya-Sikh Relations, 1877–1905’, The Journal of Asian Studies XXXII: 457–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Kenneth W. 1976 Arya Dharm. Hindu Consciousness in 19th-Century Punjab (Berkeley: University of California Press).Google Scholar
Kahn, Joel S. 1980 Minangkabau Social Formations. Indonesian Peasants and the World-Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalecki, Michael 1972 Selected Essays on the Economic Growth of the Socialist and the Mixed Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Kochanek, Stanley A. 1968 The Congress Party of India, The Dynamics of One-Party Democracy (Princeton: Princeton University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laclau, E. 1971 ‘Feudalism and Capitalism in Latin America’, New Left Review 67: 19–38.Google Scholar
Mencher, Joan 1974 ‘The Caste System Upside-Down, or the Not-So-Mysterious East’, Current Anthropology 15: 469–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mintz, Sidney 1977 ‘The So-Called World System: Local Initiative and Local Response’, Dialectical Anthropology 2: 253–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Misra, B. B. 1961 The Indian Middle Classes, Their Growth in Modern Times (London: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Mitra, Ashok 1977 Terms of Trade and Class Relations (London: Frank Cass).Google Scholar
Moore, Barrington 1967 Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World (London: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Mouzelis, Nicos 1980 ‘Modernisation, Underdevelopment, Uneven Development: Prospects For a Theory of Third-World Formation’, Journal of Peasant Studies 7: 353–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paige, Jeffrey 1975 Agrarian Revolution (New York: Free Press).Google Scholar
Paustian, Paul W. 1930 Canal Irrigation in the Punjab (New York: Columbia University Press).Google Scholar
Petras, James 1978 Critical Perspectives on Imperialism and Social Class in the Third World (New York and London: Monthly Review Press).Google Scholar
Petrie, David n.d. (1911) Developments in Sikh Politics (1900–1911), A Report. Amritsar: Chief Khalsa Diwan.Google Scholar
Punjab Board of Economic Enquiry 1937 Agricultural Statistics of the Punjab 1901–02—1935–36. Gulshan Rai, comp., Publication 52.Google Scholar
Punjab Board of Economic Enquiry 1939–1946 Farm Accounts in the Punjab. Labh and Ajaib Singh, compilers. Publications 63, 66, 75, 78, 85 and 89 (Lahore: Civil and Military Gazette Press).Google Scholar
Raj, K. N. 1973 ‘The Politics and Economics of “Intermediate Regimes”,' Economic and Political Weekly VIII no. 27, 7 07 1973: 1189–98.Google Scholar
Ray, Niharranjan. 1970 The Sikh Gurus and the Sikh Society. A Study in Social Analysis (Patiala: Punjabi University).Google Scholar
Seal, Anil 1970 The Emergence of Indian Nationalism. Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Stokes, Eric 1978 The Peasant and the Raj (London: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, E. P. 1978 The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays (New York and London: Monthly Review Press).Google Scholar
Tomlinson, B. R. 1979 The Political Economy of the Raj 1914–1947 (London: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trimberger, Ellen Kay 1979 ‘World Systems Analysis: The Problem of Unequal Development’, Theory and Society 8: 127–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van den Dungan, P. H. M. 1972 The Punjab Tradition: Influence and Authority in Nineteenth-Century India (London: George Allen and Unwin).Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel 1974 The Modern World-System (New York: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Washbrook, D. A. 1976 The Emergence of Provincial Politics: The Madras Presidency 1870–1920 (London: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Conrad 1978 ‘Peasant Revolt: An Interpretation of Moplah Violence in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’, in The Imperial Impact: Studies in the Economic History of Africa and India (Dewey, Clive and Hopkins, A. G., Eds, London: Athlone Press), pp. 132–51.Google Scholar