Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T23:48:54.624Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Polloneite, a new complex Pb(-Ag)-As-Sb sulfosalt from the Pollone mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 January 2018

Dan Topa ,
Frank N. Keutsch ,
Emil Makovicky ,
Uwe Kolitsch  and
Werner Paar
Dan Topa*
Affiliation:
Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria
Frank N. Keutsch
Affiliation:
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
Emil Makovicky
Affiliation:
Department of Geoscience and Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Østervoldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
Uwe Kolitsch
Affiliation:
Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria
Werner Paar
Affiliation:
Pezoltgasse 46, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
*
* E-mail: dan.topa@nhm-wien.ac.at
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Polloneite, ideally AgPb46As26Sb23S120, is a new N = 4 member of the sartorite homologous series. It occurs in a matrix of baryte from the Pizzone level of the Pollone baryte-pyrite-(Pb-Zn-Ag) deposit at Valdicastello Carducci, near Pietrasanta, in the Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy, as anhedral grains up to 0.5 mm across. The mineral is opaque, greyish black with a metallic lustre. In reflected light polloneite is white, bireflectance is moderate. Internal reflections are absent. Under crossed polars, anisotropism is moderate with rotation tints in brown-violet and deep grey. The reflectance data (%, air) are: 30.2, 42.4 at 470 nm, 28.8, 41.0 at 546 nm, 27.9, 39.8 at 589 nm and 26.0, 37.4 at 650 nm. Mohs hardness is 3–3½, microhardness VHN50 exhibits a mean value of 200 kg mm-2. The average results of 15 electronmicroprobe analyses of three grains are Ag 0.71(5), Pb 52.05(21), As 10.61(22), Sb 15.40(12), S 21.16(8), total 99.92(15) wt.%, corresponding to Ag1.20Pb45.76As25.79Sb23.04S120.21 (on the basis of Me + S = 216 apfu). The simplified formula AgPb46As26Sb23S120 is in accordance with the results of a crystal structure determination. The calculated density is 5.77 g cm–3. Polloneite is monoclinic, space group P21, a = 8.413(2), b = 25.901(5), c = 23.818(5) Å, β = 90.01(3)°, V = 5189.8(18)Å3, Z = 1. The strongest eight lines in the calculated powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å(I)hkl] are 3.795(100)(026), 3.414(60)(233), 3.238(69)(080), 3.020(97)(253), 2.922(82)(066), 2.738(73)(236), 2.375(79)(290) and 2.103(64)(400). Polloneite is a new N = 4 member of the sartorite homologous series with substantial Sb and small, but important, Ag content. It is a three-fold superstructure with a tripled unit-cell parameter, 7.9 Å, of sartorite homologues. In the As-Sb rich slabs, several types of crankshaft chains and isolated (As,Sb)–S polyhedra occur. A sequence of three different, tightly bonded double-layer fragments (broad ribbons) contains two asymmetric fragments with long crankshaft chains whereas the third fragment type, with Ag, contains small mirror-symmetrical metalloid groups and no crankshaft chains. This configuration can potentially cause order-disorder phenomena in the structure. The threefold superstructure and the mixed As-Sb character distinguish polloneite from veenite and from dufrénoysite, respectively.

Keywords

polloneite, Pb(-Ag)-As-Sb sulfosaltnew mineralcrystal structuresartorite homologous seriesPollone depositApuan AlpsTuscanyItaly
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 81 , Issue 6 , December 2017 , pp. 1303 - 1322
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BalićŽunić, T. and Vicković, I. (1996) IVTON – program for the calculation of geometrical aspects of crystal structures and some crystal chemical applications. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 29, 305–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benvenuti, M., Costagliola, P., Tanelli, G., Cortecci, G. and Lattanzi, P. (1990) Geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the barite-pyrite (Pb-Ag) deposit at Pollone, Apuan Alps. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 109, 735–741.Google Scholar
Berlepsch, P., Armbruster, T. and Topa, D. (2002) Structural and chemical variations in rathite, Pb8Pb4-x (Tl2As2)x(Ag2As2)As16S40: modulations of a parent structure. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 217, 581–590.Google Scholar
Berlepsch, P., Armbruster, T., Makovicky, E. and Topa, D. (2003) Another step toward understanding the true nature of sartorite: determination and refinement of a nine-fold superstructure. American Mineralogist, 88, 450–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biagioni, C., Moëlo, Y., Orlandi, P., Stanley, C.J. and Evain, M. (2013) Meerschautite, IMA 2013-061. CNMNC Newsletter No. 17, October 2013, page 3004; Mineralogical Magazine, 77, 2997–3005.Google Scholar
Biagioni, C., Orlandi, P., Moëlo, Y. and Bindi, L. (2014) Lead-antimony sulfosalts fromTuscany, (Italy). XVI. Carducciite, (AgSb)Pb6(As,Sb)8S20, a new Sb-rich isotype of rathite from the Pollone mine, Valdicastello Carducci: occurrence and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1775–1793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bracci, G., Dalena, D., Orlandi, P.,Duchi, G. and Vezzalini, G. (1980) Guettardite from Tuscany, Italy: A second occurrence. The Canadian Mineralogist, 18, 13–15.Google Scholar
Bruker AXS (1997) SHELXTL, Version 5.1. Bruker AXS, Inc., Madison , WI 53719,USA.Google Scholar
Bruker AXS (1998a) SMART, Version 5.0. Bruker AXS, Inc., Madison , WI 53719, USA.Google Scholar
Bruker AXS (1998b) SAINT, Version 5.0. Bruker AXS, Inc., Madison , WI 53719, USA.Google Scholar
Carmignani, L., Dessau, G. and Duchi, G. (1976) I giacimenti abarite, pirite ed ossidi de ferro delle Alpi Apuane. Studio minerogenetico e strutturale. Nuove osservazioni sui giacimenti polimetallici. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 95, 1009–1061.Google Scholar
Ciobanu, C.L., Cook, N.J., Capraru, N., Damina, G. and Cristea, P. (2005) Mineral assemblages from the vein salband at Săcărimb, Golden Quadrilateral, Romania: I. Sulphides and sulphosalts. Au-Ag-Te-Se deposits I.C. Project 486. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology (Sofia), 43, 47–55.Google Scholar
Costagliola, P., Benvenuti, M., Lattanzi, P. and Tanelli, G. (1998) Metamorphogenic barite-pyrite (Pb-Zn-Ag) veins at Pollone, Apuane alps, Tuscany: vein geometry, geothermobarometry, fluid inclusions and geochemistry. Mineralogy and Petrology, 62, 29–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, P. and Nowacki, W. (1969) Kristallstruktur von Baumhauerit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 129, 178–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, P., Gostojic, M. and Nowacki, W. (1983) The crystal structure of pierrotite, Tl2(Sb,As)10S16. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 165, 209–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frizzo, P. and Simone, S. (1995) Diaphorite in the Pollone ore deposit (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy). European Journal of Mineralogy, 7, 705–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jambor, J.L. (1967a) New lead sulfantimonides from Madoc, Ontario – Part 1. Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 7–24.Google Scholar
Jambor, J.L. (1967b) New lead sulfantimonides from Madoc, Ontario. Part 2 – Mineral descriptions. Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 191–213.Google Scholar
Jambor, J.L., Laflamme, J.H.G. and Walker, D.A. (1982) A re-examination of the Madoc sulfosalts. Mineralogical Record, 13, 93–100.Google Scholar
Johan, Z. and Mantienne, J. (2000) Thallium-rich mineralization at Jas Roux, Hautes-Alpes, France: a complex epithermal, sediment-hosted, ore-forming system. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 45, 63–77.Google Scholar
Khodaparast, M., Tajedin, H. and Shahrokhi, V. (2010) Nature of fluid inclusions of gold mineralization at Barika shear zone: Example of Kuroko type gold mineralization in the west of Iran. The 1st International Applied Geological Congress, Islamic Azad University – Mashad Branch, Iran, 26-28 April 2010.Google Scholar
Kraus, W. and Nolze, G. (1996) POWDER CELL – a program for the representation and manipulation of crystal structures and calculation of the resulting X-ray powder patterns. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 29, 301–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lattanzi, P., Benvenuti, M., Costagliola, P. and Tanelli, G. (1994) An overview on recent research on the metallogeny of Tuscany with special reference to the Apuane Alps. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 48, 613–625.Google Scholar
Makovicky, E. (1985) The building principles and classification of sulphosalts based on the SnS archetype. Fortschritte der Mineralogie, 63, 45–89.Google Scholar
Makovicky, E. (1997) Modular crystal chemistry of sulphosalts and other complex sulphides. Pp. 237–271 in: Modular Aspects of Minerals (S. Merlino, editor). European Mineralogical Union,Notes inMineralogy, 1. Eötvös University Press, Budapest.Google Scholar
Makovicky, E. and Mumme, W.G. (1983) The crystal structure of ramdohrite, Pb6Sb11Ag3S24, and its implications for the andorite group and zinckenite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 147, 58–79.Google Scholar
Makovicky, E. and Topa, D. (2012) Twinnite, Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4, the OD character and the question of its polytypism. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 227, 468–475.Google Scholar
Makovicky, E. and Topa, D. (2013) The crystal structure of barikaite. Mineralogical Magazine, 77, 3093–3104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makovicky, E. and Topa, D. (2015) Crystal chemical formula for sartorite homologues. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 25–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makovicky, E., Topa, D., Tajjedin, H., Rastad, E. and Yaghubpur, A. (2012) The crystal structure of guettardite, PbAsSbS4, and the twinnite-guettardite problem. Canadian Mineralogist, 50, 253–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makovicky, E., Mumme, W.G. and Gable, R.W. (2013) The crystal structure of ramdohrite, Pb5.9Fe0.1Mn0.1In0.1Cd0.2Ag2.8Sb10.8S24: A new refinement. American Mineralogist, 98, 773–779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mantienne, J. (1974) La Minéralisation Metallifère de Jas-Roux (Hautes-Alpes). PhD Thesis, Université de Paris 6, France.Google Scholar
Moëlo, Y., Borodaev, Y.S. and Mozgova, N.N. (1983) Association twinnite-zinkénite-plagionite du gisement complexe à Sb–Pb–Zn de Rujevac (Yougoslavie). Bulletin de Minéralogie, 106, 505–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moëlo, Y., Orlandi, P., Guillot-Deudon, C., Biagioni, C., Paar, W. and Evain, M. (2011) Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XI. The new mineral parasterryite, Ag4Pb20(Sb14.5As9.5), and associated sterryite, Cu(Ag,Cu)3Pb19(Sb,As)22(As-As) S56, from Pollone mine (Tuscany, Italy). Canadian Mineralogist, 49, 623–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orlandi, P., Biagioni, C., Bonaccorsi, E., Moëlo, Y. and Paar, W.H. (2012) Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XII. Boscardinite, TlPb3(Sb7As29S18, a new mineral species from the Monte Arsiccio mine: occurrence and crystal structure. Canadian Mineralogist, 50, 235–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orlandi, P., Biagioni, C., Bonaccorsi, E., Moëlo, Y. and Paar, W.H. (2014) Bernarlottiite, IMA 2013-133. CNMNC Newsletter No. 20, June 2014, page 553; Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 549–558.Google Scholar
Ribar, B., Nicca, C. and Nowacki, W. (1969) Dreidimensionale Verfeinerung der Kristallstruktur von Dufrénoysit, Pb8As8S20. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 130, 15–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheldrick, G.M. (2008) A short history of SHELX. Acta Crystallographica, A64, 112–122.Google Scholar
Topa, D. and Makovicky, E. (2016) Argentobaumhauerite: name, chemistry, crystal structure, comparison with baumhauerite, and position in the Lengenbach mineralization sequence. Mineralogical Magazine, 80, 819–840.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topa, D. and Makovicky, E. (2017) The crystal structure of veenite. Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 355–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topa, D., Makovicky, E., Tajedin, H., Putz, H. and Zagler, G. (2013) Barikaite, Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40, a new member of the sartorite homologous series. Mineralogical Magazine, 77, 3039–3046.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topa, D., Keutsch, F.N., Makovicky, E., Kolitsch, U. and Paar, W. (2015) Polloneite, IMA 2014-093. CNMNC Newsletter No. 24, April 2015, page 249; Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 247–251.Google Scholar
Wilson, A.J.C. (1992) International Tables for Crystallography. Volume C. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar