Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T23:53:23.625Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Occurrence, composition and paragenesis of the zeolites and associated minerals in the alkaline basalt of a maar-type volcano at Haláp Hill, Balaton Highland, Hungary

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

P. Kónya  and
S. Szakáll
P. Kónya*
Affiliation:
Geological Institute of Hungary, Stefánia út 14, Budapest H-1143, Hungary
S. Szakáll
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros H-3515 Hungary
*
*E-mail: peter.konya.zeo@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Haláp Hill is an eroded remnant of young (∼3 Ma) alkaline basalt in the western part of the Bakony–Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, Tapolca, Hungary. Cavities in the basalt contain miarolitic minerals (augite, apatite, magnetite, plagioclase and sanidine), zeolites (analcime, chabazite-Ca, chabazite-Na, garronite, gismondine, gmelinite-Ca, gmelinite-Na, gobbinsite, gonnardite-Na, natrolite, mesolite, phillipsite-Ca, phillipsite-K, phillipsite-Na and scolecite) and other secondary minerals (calcite, smectite-group minerals, goethite and Mn-oxides). Chabazite-Na, gmelinite-Ca, gonnardite-Na, phillipsite-Na and phillipsite-K are reported from Haláp Hill for the first time. The Ca-rich and Na-rich zeolites and abundant calcite were produced by hydrothermal alteration. Mineral assemblages were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, energy-dispersive spectrometry and wavelength-dispersive spectrometry. The secondary mineral assemblages were probably formed as a result of low-temperature hydrothermal activity at 50—100°C. Miarolitic minerals crystallized first in cavities in the basalt; they were followed by zeolite-group minerals and calcite. Analcime and phillipsite with or without chabazite/gmelinite/garronite or gobbinsite were the first zeolite-group minerals to crystallize; gonnardite-Na and natrolite crystallized later from Na-rich fluids. Calcite and smectite-group minerals crystallized continually. This paragenetic sequence is similar to others which have been reported in basalt from other localities in the Balaton Highland, Iceland and Northern Ireland.

Keywords

miarolitic mineralszeoliteshydrothermal alterationparagenetic sequencealkaline basalt
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 75 , Issue 6 , December 2011 , pp. 2869 - 2885
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alberti, A., Vezzalini, G. and Pecsi-Donath, E. (1982) Some zeolites from Hungary. Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 25, 237-246.Google Scholar
Armbruster, T. and Gunter, M.E. (2001) Crystal structures of natural zeolites. Pp. 1-67 in: Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications (Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., editors). Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 45. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington DC, and the Geochemical Society, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.Google Scholar
Artioli, G. and Galli, E. (1999) Gonnardite: reexamination of holotype material and discreditation of tetranatrolite. American Mineralogist, 84, 1445-1450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth-Wirsching, U. and Höller, H. (1989) Experimental studies on zeolite formation conditions. European Journal of Mineralogy, 1, 489-506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benning, L.G., Wilkin, R.T. and Barnes, H.L. (2000) Solubility and stability of zeolites in aqueous solution: II. Calcic clinoptilolite and mordenite. American Mineralogist, 85, 495-508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, P.R.L. (1978) Hydrothermal alteration in active geothermal fields. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 6, 229-250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budai, T., Császár, G., Csillag, G., Dudko, A., Koloszár, L. and Majoros, Gy. (1999) Geology of Balaton Highland: explanatory booklet for the geology map of the Balaton Highland, scale 1:50 000. Occasional Papers of the Geological Institute of Hungary, 197. Geological Institute of Hungary, Budapest, 257 pp.Google Scholar
Donovan, J.J. (1995) PROBE: PC-based data acquisition and processing for electron microprobes. Advanced Microbeam, Vienna, Ohio, USA.Google Scholar
Eggleton, R.A., Foudoulis, C. and Varkevisser, D. (1987) Weathering of basalt: changes in rock chemistry and mineralogy. Clays and Clay Minerals, 35, 161-169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eshaghpour, M. (2003) Borehole geology and alteration mineralogy of well HE-9 in Hellisheidi Geothermal Field, SW-Iceland. The United Nations University Geothermal Training Programme, report number 8, 187-.Google Scholar
Franus, W. (1999) (Sr,Ba) phillipsite-Ca and chabasite from “Józef” basalt deposit in Zaręba (Lower Silesia). Mineralogia Polonica, 30, 17-32.Google Scholar
Getaneh, E. (2001) Borehole geology and alteration mineralogy in the upper half of well HE-3, Hellisheidi, SW-Iceland. The United Nations University Geothermal Training Programme, Report number 4, 82-.Google Scholar
Gíslason, S.R., Arnorsson, S. and Armannsson, H. (1996) Chemical weathering of basalt in Southwest Iceland: effects of runoff, age of rocks and vegetative/glacial cover. American Journal of Science, 296, 837-907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hentschel, G. (1987) Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane. Lapis Monographie, Christian Weise Verlag, Munich, Germany, 152 pp.Google Scholar
Jakobsson, S.P. and Moore, J.G. (1986) Hydrothermal minerals and alteration rates at Surtsey volcano, Iceland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 97, 648-659.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jámbor, Á. (1980) Pannonian in the Transdanubian Range. Annales of the Hungarian Geological Institute, 65, 1–259, [in Hungarian].Google Scholar
Jorgensen, O. (2006) The regional distribution of zeolites in the basalts of the Faroe Islands and the significance of zeolites as palaeotemperature indicators. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 9, 123-156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jugovics, L. (1955a) Basalt occurrence summary geological report and calculation of reserves at Szebike and Prága Hills. Hungar ain Office for Mining and Geology, Budapest, 129 pp., [in Hungarian].Google Scholar
Jugovics, L. (1955b) Basalt occurrence summary geological report and calculation of reserves at Haláp Hill. Hungarian Office for Mining and Geology, Budapest, 105 pp., [in Hungarian].Google Scholar
Kawano, M. and Tomita, K. (1997) Experimental study on the formation of zeolites from obsidian by interactions with NaOH and KOH solutions at 150 and 200°C. Clays and Clay Minerals, 45, 365-377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klespitz, J. (1990) Mining-geological occurrences in basalt mines of state quarrying. Építoʺanyag, 42, 121-133. [in Hungarian].Google Scholar
Koch, S. (1978) Die Zeolithe von Ungarn. Lapis, 3, 28-31.Google Scholar
Koch, S. (1985) Minerals of Hungary. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 562 pp., [in Hungarian].Google Scholar
Kónya, P. (2009) Mineralogical and paragenetic investigations of cavity filling minerals and sedimentary xenoliths in basalts from Bakony – Balaton Highland Volcanic Field. PhD Thesis, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary 303 pp., [in Hungarian].Google Scholar
Kónya, P. and Földvári, M. (2008) Thermoanalytical investigation of cavity filling natrolite group minerals in basalts (Balaton Highland, Hungary). Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 94, 209-218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristmannsdottir, H. and Tomasson, J. (1978) Zeolite zones in geothermal areas of Iceland. Pp. 277-284 in: Natural Zeolite Occurrence, Properties and Use (Land, L.B. and Mumpton, F.M., editors). Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Larsen, G., Plum, K-H. and Förster, H. (1991) Zeolites and other hydrothermal alteration products of synthetic glasses. European Journal of Mineralogy, 3, 933-941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, U. and Németh, K. (2000) Peperite structures from the Bakony – Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (Pannonian Basin, Hungary): examples from the Hajagos-hegy. Terra Nostra, 6, 318-329.Google Scholar
Martin, U. and Németh, K. (2004) Mio/Pliocene phreatomagmatic volcanism in the Western Pannonian Basin. Geologica Hungarica, Series Geologica, 26, 1–191.Google Scholar
Mauritz, B. (1939) Die Mineralien in den Hohlräumen derBasalte von Haláp und Gulá cs in Plattenseegebiete (Ungarn). Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 50, 93-106.Google Scholar
Mazurek, J. (2004) Genetic controls on basalt alteration within the Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho. MSc thesis, Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Idaho, USA.Google Scholar
Nemecz, E. (1981) Clay Minerals. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 547 pp.Google Scholar
Neuhoff, P.S., Fridriksson, T., Arnórsson, S. and Bird, D.K. (1999) Porosity evolution and mineral paragenesis during low-grade metamorphism of basaltic lavas at Teigarhorn, Eastern Iceland. American Journal of Science, 299, 467-501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuhoff, P.S., Kroeker, S., Du, L.S., Fridriksson, Th. and Stebbins, J.F. (2002) Order/disorder in natrolite group zeolites: a 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR study. American Mineralogist, 87, 1307-1320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passaglia, E. (1970) The crystal chemistry of chabazites. American Mineralogist, 55, 1278-1301.Google Scholar
Pe-Piper, G. and Miller, L. (2002) Zeolite minerals from the North Shore of the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia. Atlantic Geology, 38, 11-28.Google Scholar
Reyes, A.G. (2000) Petrology and mineral alteration in hydrothermal systems: From diagenesis to volcanic catastrophes. The United Nations University Geothermal Training Programme, report number 18, 77 pp.Google Scholar
Senderov, E.E. (1988) Physical-chemical aspects of zeolite formation in nature. Pp. 111-147 in: Occurrence, Properties and Utilization of Natural Zeolites (Kallo, D. and Sherry, H.S., editors). Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.Google Scholar
Sorrell, S. (2003) The distribution and occurrence of zeolites in Tasmania. Location Bulletin, 3, 1-30.Google Scholar
Stefánsson, A. and Gíslason, S.R. (2001) Chemical weathering of basalts, southwest Iceland: effect of rock crystallinity and secondary minerals on chemical fluxes to the ocean. American Journal of Science, 301, 513-556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukheswala, R.N., Avasia, R.K. and Gangopadhyay, M. (1974) Zeolites and associated secondary minerals in the Deccan Traps of Western India. Mineralogical Magazine, 39, 658-671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szakáll, S. and Jánosi, M. (1996) Minerals of Hungary. Topographica Mineralogica Hungariae, IV, 110-.Google Scholar
Szakáll, S., Gatter, I. and Szendrei, G. (2005) The mineral species of Hungary. Koʺország Press, Budapest, [in Hungarian].Google Scholar
Tschernich, R.W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Phoenix, USA.Google Scholar
Walker, G.P.L. (1960) The amygdale minerals in the Tertiary lavas of Ireland. III. Regional distribution. Mineralogical Magazine, 32, 503-527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisenberger, T. (2005) Zeolite facies mineralisation in the Hvalfjördur area, Iceland. MSc thesis, University of Freiburg, Germany.Google Scholar
Wijbrans, J., Németh, K., Martin, U. and Balogh, K. (2007) 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of Neogene phreatomagmatic volcanism in the western Pannonian Basin, Hungary. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 164, 193-204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wirsching, U. (1979) Experiments on the formation of hydrothermal alteration products of nepheline. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 134, 193-207.Google Scholar
Wirsching, U. (1981) Experiments on the hydrothermal formation of calcium zeolites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 29, 171-183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar