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Description and crystal structure of a new mineral – plimerite, ZnFe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 – the Zn-analogue of rockbridgeite and frondelite, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

P. Elliott ,
U. Kolitsch ,
G. Giester ,
E. Libowitzky ,
C. McCammon ,
A. Pring ,
W. D. Birch  and
J. Brugger
P. Elliott*
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia SouthAustralian Museum, NorthTerrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
U. Kolitsch
Affiliation:
Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abt., Naturhistorisches Museum, A-1010 Wien, Austria
G. Giester
Affiliation:
Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Geozentrum, Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria
E. Libowitzky
Affiliation:
Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Geozentrum, Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria
C. McCammon
Affiliation:
Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
A. Pring
Affiliation:
SouthAustralian Museum, NorthTerrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
W. D. Birch
Affiliation:
Geosciences, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
J. Brugger
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia SouthAustralian Museum, NorthTerrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
*
* E-mail: peter.elliott@adelaide.edu.au
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Abstract

Plimerite, ideally Zn (PO4)3(OH)5, is a new mineral from the Block 14 Opencut, Broken Hill, New SouthWales. It occurs as pale-green to dark-olive-green, almost black, acicular to prismatic and bladed crystals up to 0.5 mm long and as hemispherical aggregates of radiating acicular crystals up to 3 mm across. Crystals are elongated along [001] and the principal form observed is {100} with minor {010} and {001}. The mineral is associated with hinsdalite-plumbogummite, pyromorphite, libethenite, brochantite, malachite, tsumebite and strengite. Plimerite is translucent with a pale-greyish-green streak and a vitreous lustre. It shows an excellent cleavage parallel to {100} and {010} and distinct cleavage parallel to {001}. It is brittle, has an uneven fracture, a Mohs’ hardness of 3.5–4, D(meas.) = 3.67(5) g/cm3 and D(calc.) = 3.62 g/cm3 (for the empirical formula). Optically, it is biaxial negative with α = 1.756(5), β = 1.764(4), γ = 1.767(4) and 2V(calc.) of –63º; pleochroism is X pale-greenish-brown, Y pale-brown, Z pale-bluish-green; absorption Z > X > Y; optical orientation XYZ = cab. Plimerite is orthorhombic, space group Bbmm, unit-cell parameters: a = 13.865(3) Å, b = 16.798(3) Å, c = 5.151(10) Å, V = 1187.0(4) Å3 (single-crystal data) and Z = 4. Strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d (A˚ ), I, hkl]: 4.638, (50), (111); 3.388, (50), (041); 3.369, (55), (131); 3.168, (100), (132); 2.753, (60), (115); 2.575, (90), (200); 2.414, (75), (220); 2.400, (50), (221); 1.957, (40), (225). Electron microprobe analysis yielded (wt.%): PbO 0.36, CaO 0.17, ZnO 20.17, MnO 0.02, Fe2O3 29.82, FeO 2.98, Al2O3 4.48, P2O5 32.37, As2O5 0.09, H2O (calc) 6.84, total 97.30 (Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy). The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 17 oxygens is Ca0.02Pb0.01Zn1.68Al0.60P3.09As0.01O17.00H5.15. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to an R1 index of 6.41% for 1332 observed reflections from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (Mo-Kα radiation, CCD area detector). The structure of plimerite is isotypic with that of rockbridgeite and is based on face-sharing trimers of (Mϕ6) octahedra which link by sharing edges to form chains, that extend in the b-direction. Chains link to clusters comprising pairs of corner-sharing (Mϕ6) octahedra that link to PO4 tetrahedra forming sheets parallel to (001). The sheets link via octahedra and tetrahedra corners into a heteropolyhedral framework structure. The mineral name honours Professor Ian Plimer for his contributions to the study of the geology of ore deposits.

Keywords

plimeriterockbridgeitefrondelitenew mineral speciesZn-Fe phosphatecrystal structureBroken HillNew SouthWalesAustralia.
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 73 , Issue 1 , February 2009 , pp. 131 - 148
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2009

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