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The Value of Detecting Pathological Changes During Clot Formation in Early Disease Treatment-Naïve Breast Cancer Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2021

Julien Paul Nunes Goncalves ,
Greta Marie de Waal ,
Martin Justin Page ,
Chantelle Venter ,
Timothy Roberts ,
Felix Holst ,
Etheresia Pretorius  and
Janette Bester Open the ORCID record for Janette Bester [Opens in a new window]
Julien Paul Nunes Goncalves
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Greta Marie de Waal
Affiliation:
Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Martin Justin Page
Affiliation:
Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Chantelle Venter
Affiliation:
Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Timothy Roberts
Affiliation:
Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, LondonNW1 2PB, UK
Felix Holst
Affiliation:
Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Etheresia Pretorius
Affiliation:
Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Janette Bester*
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
*
*Author for correspondence: Janette Bester, E-mail: janette.bester@up.ac.za
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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in women worldwide. Clinical research indicates that BC patients are at an increased risk for thrombotic events, drastically decreasing their quality-of-life and treatment outcomes. There is ample evidence of this in the literature, but it is mainly focused on metastatic BC. Therefore, coagulopathies of nonmetastatic BC are understudied and require in-depth investigation. In this study, clot kinetics and ultrastructure were used to investigate treatment-naïve, nonmetastatic BC patients using scanning electron microscopy, Thromboelastography®, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was demonstrated that nonmetastatic BC patients exhibit minimal ultrastructural alterations of the clot components and no changes in the clot kinetics. However, BC patients presented changes to fibrinogen protein structure, compared to matched controls, using an amyloid-selective stain. Together, these findings suggest that coagulation dysfunction(s) in BC patients with early disease manifest at the microlevel, rather than the macrolevel. This study presents novel insights to a method that are more sensitive to coagulation changes in this specific patient group, emphasizing that the coagulation system may react in different forms to the disease, depending on the progression of the disease itself.

Keywords

breast cancerconfocal microscopynon-metastaticscanning electron microscopythrombosis
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 425 - 436
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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