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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Sulfides in Silicate Rocks at Submicron Resolution with Multiphoton Microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2011

Antoine Bénard ,
Sabine Palle ,
Luc Serge Doucet  and
Dmitri A. Ionov
Antoine Bénard*
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon & Université Jean Monnet, 23, rue Dr. Paul Michelon, 42023 Saint-Étienne & UMR 6524, CNRS, France
Sabine Palle
Affiliation:
Centre de Microscopie Confocale Multiphotonique, 18, Rue Pr Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
Luc Serge Doucet
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon & Université Jean Monnet, 23, rue Dr. Paul Michelon, 42023 Saint-Étienne & UMR 6524, CNRS, France
Dmitri A. Ionov
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon & Université Jean Monnet, 23, rue Dr. Paul Michelon, 42023 Saint-Étienne & UMR 6524, CNRS, France
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: antoine.benard@univ-st-etienne.fr
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Abstract

We report the first application of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to generate three-dimensional (3D) images of natural minerals (micron-sized sulfides) in thick (∼120 μm) rock sections. First, reflection mode (RM) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), combined with differential interference contrast (DIC), was tested on polished sections. Second, two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and second harmonic signal (SHG) images were generated using a femtosecond-laser on the same rock section without impregnation by a fluorescent dye. CSLM results show that the silicate matrix is revealed with DIC and RM, while sulfides can be imaged in 3D at low resolution by RM. Sulfides yield strong autofluorescence from 392 to 715 nm with TPF, while SHG is only produced by the embedding medium. Simultaneous recording of TPF and SHG images enables efficient discrimination between different components of silicate rocks. Image stacks obtained with MPM enable complete reconstruction of the 3D structure of a rock slice and of sulfide morphology at submicron resolution, which has not been previously reported for 3D imaging of minerals. Our work suggests that MPM is a highly efficient tool for 3D studies of microstructures and morphologies of minerals in silicate rocks, which may find other applications in geosciences.

Keywords

3D imagingrockmultiphoton microscopy (MPM)microstructuremorphologysulfide
Type
Materials Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 17 , Issue 6 , December 2011 , pp. 937 - 943
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2011

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Supplementary material: PDF

Bénard Supplementary Figure

Supplementary Figure 1. (a–c) Projections of image stacks and (d) a 3D reconstruction of pyrrhotite in an orthopyroxenerich vein cutting a peridotite xenolith from the Avacha volcano with MPM, and (e) representative TPF emission spectra of different natural sulfide species.

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