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TEM Observations of the Microstructural Changes in the Interfacial Zone of Explosively Welded Titanium/Steel Before and After Ex Situ and In Situ Heat Treatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2022

Marcin Szmul Open the ORCID record for Marcin Szmul [Opens in a new window] ,
Katarzyna Stan-Glowinska ,
Jerzy Morgiel ,
Marta Janusz-Skuza Open the ORCID record for Marta Janusz-Skuza [Opens in a new window] ,
Agnieszka Bigos ,
Andrzej Chudzio ,
Zygmunt Szulc  and
Joanna Wojewoda-Budka Open the ORCID record for Joanna Wojewoda-Budka [Opens in a new window]
Marcin Szmul*
Affiliation:
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Cracow, Poland FAMET S.A., 15a Szkolna St., 47-225 Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland
Katarzyna Stan-Glowinska
Affiliation:
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Jerzy Morgiel
Affiliation:
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Marta Janusz-Skuza
Affiliation:
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Agnieszka Bigos
Affiliation:
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Andrzej Chudzio
Affiliation:
FAMET S.A., 15a Szkolna St., 47-225 Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland
Zygmunt Szulc
Affiliation:
High Energy Technologies Works “Explomet”, 100H Oswiecimska St., 45-641 Opole, Poland
Joanna Wojewoda-Budka
Affiliation:
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
*
*Corresponding author: Marcin Szmul, E-mail: m.szmul@imim.pl
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Abstract

This paper presents the comparison of the microstructure of the interface zone formed between titanium (Ti Gr. 1) and steel (P265GH+N) in various processing stages—directly after explosive welding versus the annealing state. Transmission electron microscopy technique served as an excellent tool for studies of the sharp interface in-between the waves. Directly after the welding process in this area, a thin layer of the metastable β-Ti (Fe) solid solution was observed. In the next step, two variants of annealing have been employed: ex situ and in situ in TEM, which revealed the complete information on the interface zone transformation. The results have shown that during the annealing at 600°C for 1.5 h, the diffusion of carbon towards titanium caused the formation of titanium carbides with a layered arrangement. Compared to our previous studies, the carbides found here have a hexagonal structure. Furthermore, changes in the dislocation structure were observed, indicating the occurrence of recovery processes. Possible reasons for differences observed in the microstructure of the interface formed due to ex situ and in situ annealing are also discussed. The microstructure observations are accompanied by the microhardness measurements, which showed that the annealing caused a significant reduction in the microhardness values.

Keywords

diffusionexplosive weldingmicrostructureTEM in situ heatingtitanium
Type
The XVIIth International Conference on Electron Microscopy (EM2020)
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , June 2022 , pp. 907 - 914
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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