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Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-RaySpectrometry (SEM/EDS): The Last Step in the Microanalysis ofParticulate Matter Isolates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2020

R.J. Maxwell
Affiliation:
Pharmaceutical Development - Trace Analysis, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., 7000 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI, 49001
M.A. Smith
Affiliation:
Pharmaceutical Development - Trace Analysis, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., 7000 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI, 49001
D.S. Aldrich
Affiliation:
Pharmaceutical Development - Trace Analysis, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., 7000 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI, 49001
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Extract

The SEM/EDS is a valuable tool in the pharmaceutical industry for aiding in the identification of isolated particles. It is a part of our systematic approach which proceeds from lower magnification techniques, e.g., stereomicroscope, to higher magnification techniques, eg., polarized light microscopy, and finally to the high magnification of SEM/EDS. Particles associated with pharmaceutical product rejects are due to a variety of sources, often due to the ubiquitous use of some materials, e.g., stainless steel alloys, in the manufacturing arena. Our particles of interest range in size from submicron to ≥ 50 μm (visible with the unaided eye), appearing in numerous shapes and/or colors. Any particles contained in a drug product or associated with the package are objectionable. Detection during production operations and/or during the terminal 100% inspection prior to market release will cause product rejection. In any case, foreign particles are not tolerated. Their identification leads to their source and thus proper corrective action.

Type
Microscopy and Microanalysis in the “Real World”
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America

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References

References:

1.Aldrich, D.S. and Smith, M.A.Pharmaceutical Applications of Infrared Microspectroscopy in Practical Guide to Infrared Microspectroscopy, ed. by Humecki, H.J., Marcel Dekker, Inc. (1995) 323375.Google Scholar