Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for several significant human diseases including trachoma, the primary source of preventable blindness in developing countries, and is the most common cause of sexually transmitted disease. C. trachomatis is an obligate intracellular prokaryote (ICP) relying on eukaryotic host cells for growth and replication. Typically, microorganisms engulfed by host cells, are trafficked through maturing endosomes to the lysosomal pathway and ultimately destroyed. Survival in a host cell requires the invading organism to either adapt or modify their host environment to avoid fusion with lysosomal vesicles. Organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis have evolved mechanisms to arrest maturation of the endosomes, such that they avoid lysosomal fusion.3 C trachomatis has developed alternative strategies for successful intracellular survival and growth.

C. trachomatis exists in two morphologically and functionally distinct forms which multiply in vacuoles termed inclusions. A small dense form known as the elementary body (EB), is the stable extracellular stage of the life cycle capable of attachment and entry into host cells.