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High-Energy Ball Milling Conditions in Formation of NiTiCu Shape Memory Alloys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 September 2021

Tomasz Goryczka ,
Piotr Salwa  and
Maciej Zubko Open the ORCID record for Maciej Zubko [Opens in a new window]
Tomasz Goryczka*
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułk Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
Piotr Salwa
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułk Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
Maciej Zubko
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułk Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
*
*Corresponding author: Tomasz Goryczka, E-mail: tomasz.goryczka@us.edu.pl
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Abstract

The properties and the shape memory effect depend, among other things, on chemical composition, as well as the method of shape memory alloy (SMA) production. One of the manufacturing methods that leads to the amorphous/nanocrystalline SMA is high-energy ball milling combined with annealing. Using this technique, an SMA memory alloy, with the nominal chemical composition of Ni25Ti50Cu25, was produced from commercial elemental powders (purity −99.7%). The structure and morphology were characterized (at the various stages of its production) by the use of X-ray diffraction, as well as electron microscopy (both scanning and transmission). Choosing the appropriate grinding time made it possible to produce an NiTiCu alloy with a different crystallite size. Its average size changed from 6.5 nm (after 50 h) to about 2 nm (100 h). Increasing the grinding time up to 140 h resulted in the formation of areas that showed the B19 martensite and the Ti2(Ni,Cu) phase with the average crystallite size of about 6 nm (as milled). After crystallization, the average size increased to 11 nm.

Keywords

high-energy ball millingscanning electron microscopeshape memory alloytransmission electron microscope
Type
The XVIIth International Conference on Electron Microscopy (EM2020)
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , June 2022 , pp. 939 - 945
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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