Hostname: page-component-76dd75c94c-ccc76 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T09:43:42.846Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Embedding theorems for groups with an integer-valued length function

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2008

I. M. Chiswell
Affiliation:
Queen Mary College, University of London

Extract

(1) In this paper we are concerned with normalized integer-valued length functions on a group G, that is, mappings l:G→ℤ satisfying three axioms:

(A1′)l(1) = 0

(A2) l(x) = l(x−1)for all xG

(A4) d(x, y) > d(x, z) implies that d(x, z) = d(y, z) for all x, y and z in G, where d(x, y) = ½(l(x) + l(y)−l(xy−1)).

These axioms were first considered by Lyndon(6), where their significance is discussed. Lyndon's axiom A1, which we shall not use, stated that l(x) = 0 if and only if x = 1. His axiom A 3 was that d(x, y) ≥ 0 for all x and y in G, but it was noted in (2) that this follows from A1′, A2 and A4. In particular, taking x = y, we find that l(x) ≥ 0 for all x in G. The other major axioms used in (6) were:

(A0) l(x2) > l(x), provided that x ≠ 1, and (A5) d(x, y) + d(xl, y1) > l(x) = l(y) implies that x = y.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge Philosophical Society 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

(1)Chiswell, I. M.The Grushko-Neumann Theorem. Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 33, (1976), 385400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2)Chiswell, I. M.Abstract length functions in groups. Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 80, (1976), 451463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(3)Hoare, A. H. M. On length functions and Nielsen methods in free groups II. (Submitted to Mathematika.)Google Scholar
(4)Hurley, B.On length functions and normal forms in groups. Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 84, (1978), 455464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(5)Karrass, A. and Solitar, D.The subgroups of a free product of two groups with an amalgamated subgroup. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 149, (1970), 227255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(6)Lyndon, R. C.Length functions in groups. Math. Scand. 12, (1963), 209234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(7)Lyndon, R. C. and Schupp, P. E.Combinatorial group theory, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete 89 (Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer, 1977).Google Scholar
(8)Serre, J.-P.Arbres, amalgames, SL2, Astérisque 46 (Paris, Société Mathématique de France, 1977).Google Scholar
(9)Stallings, J. R.Group theory and three-dimensional manifolds (New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1971).Google Scholar