Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-k7p5g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T10:19:37.248Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Persuasion to Virtue: A Preliminary Statement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

June L. Tapp  and
Felice J. Levine
June L. Tapp
Affiliation:
American Bar Foundation and University of Chicago
Felice J. Levine
Affiliation:
American Bar Foundation and University of Chicago
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

With increasing incidences of deviance exemplified by campus disorders, community crime, civil disobedience, and interpersonal aggression, demands for law and order emanate from various segments of the general population. Concurrently, the search for effective means of assuring compliance to law becomes more fervent. Some policy-planners, legislators, policemen, judges, and educators seek new insights and greater understanding about obedience, but society's response is primarily expressed in terms of increased surveillance, detection, and punishment (which ironically may function to complicate compliance problems). In coping with disobedience, whether individual or collective, violent or nonviolent, little serious attention is paid to the origins of deviance and particularly to the antecedents of compliance. Yet it is from knowledge about the origins of obedience and the related ideas of normal populations about the legal process that the problems of deviance can best be understood and stratagems for social change most effectively realized.

Type
Research Article
Information
Law & Society Review , Volume 4 , Issue 4 , May 1970 , pp. 565 - 582
Copyright
Copyright © 1970 by the Law and Society Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

AUTHORS' NOTE: The analysis presented herein is derived in part from data gathered pursuant to a contract with the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Office of Education, Project 2947 under Contract OE 5–10–219, entitled “Authority, Rules, and Aggression: A Cross-national Study of Socialization into Compliance Systems.” The principal investigators in that study were Professor Robert D. Hess (project director), Professor Leigh Minturn (senior investigator), and the first author of the present paper (co-principal investigator). The results of that initial study have been submitted to U.S.O.E. in two volumes: Part I co-authored by Hess and Tapp with cross-national collaborators (March 1969), and Part II co-authored by Minturn and Tapp with cross-national collaborators (January 1970). Plans are in process to make this data available in other forms also.

The present authors are indebted to Professors Minturn and Hess, cross-national principal investigators for the project and senior investigators, for their initial collaborative efforts in the underlying research. We are also indebted to Roberta Tabor, research assistant, and Brenda Smith, secretary, for supportive services. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the American Bar Foundation which enabled completion of this work.

References

ADELSON, J., B., GREEN, and O'NEIL, R. (1969) “The growth of the idea of law in adolescence.” Developmental Psychology 1 (July): 327–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ALMOND, G. A. and S., VERBA (1963) The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations: Princeton Univ. Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ARONFREED, J. (1968) Conduct and Conscience: The Socialization of Internalized Control Over Behavior. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
ASCH, S. E. (1952) Social Psychology. Social Psychology: Prentice-Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BANDURA, A. and McDONALD, F. J. (1963) “The influence of social reinforcement and the behavior of models in shaping children's moral judgments.” J. of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67 (September): 274–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BANDURA, A. and R. H., WALTERS (1963) Social Learning and Personality Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
BERKOWITZ, L. (1964) The Development of Motives and Values in the Child. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
BRIM, O. G. Jr. (1963) “Socialization through the life cycle.” Russell Sage Foundation (mimeo).Google Scholar
BRIM, O. G. Jr. and S., WHEELER (1966) Socialization After Childhood. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
BRONFENBRENNER, U. (1958) “Socialization and social class through time and space,” pp. 400–425 in Maccoby, E., Newcomb, T. M., and Hartley, E. L. (eds.) Readings in Social Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
CARTER, R. M. (1968) “Upper-class and middle-class delinquency.” Medical Arts and Sciences: J. of Loma Linda Univ. School of Medicine 22, 1: 3–17.Google Scholar
DE CHARMS, R. (1968) Personal Causation. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
DOLGER, L. and J. GIN, ANDES (1946) “Children's attitudes toward discipline as related to sociometric status.” J. of Experimental Education 15 (December): 161–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EASTON, D. and J., DENNIS (1969) Children in the Political System. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
ELDER, G. (1963) “Parental power legitimation and its effects on the adolescent.” Sociometry 26 (March): 50–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FLACKS, R. (1968) “Social psychological perspectives on legitimacy.” Prepared for the annual meeting of the American Psychology Association, San Francisco, September.Google Scholar
GAMSON, W. (1968) Power and Discontent. Power and Discontent: Dorsey.Google Scholar
HESS, R. D. and J. L., TAPP (1969) Authority, Rules and Aggression: A Cross-National Study of the Socialization of Children into Compliance Systems: Part I. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
HESS, R. D. and J. V., TORNEY (1967) The Development of Political Attitudes in Children. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
KOHLBERG, L. (1963) “The development of children's orientation toward a moral order.” Vita Humana 6 (Winter/Spring): 11–33.Google Scholar
KOHN, M. (1960) “Social class and the allocation of parental responsibilities.” Sociometry 23 (December): 372–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KRAUSE, M. S. (1968) School Children's Attitudes Toward Public Authority Figures. Unpublished.Google Scholar
MAAS, H. S. (1951) “Some social class differences in the family and group relations of pre- and early adolescents.” Child Development 22 (June): 145–152.Google ScholarPubMed
MACCOBY, E. E. (1968) “The development of moral values and behavior in childhood,” pp. 227–269 in Clausen, J. A. (ed.) Socialization and Society. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
MINTURN, L. and W. W., LAMBERT (1964) Mothers of Six Cultures. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
MINTURN, L. and J. L., TAPP (1970) Authority, Rules and Agression: A Cross-National Study of the Socialization of Children into Compliance Systems: Part II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
PIAGET, J. (1932) The Moral Judgment of the Child. New York: Paul, Trench, Truber.Google Scholar
SEARS, R. R., E. E., MACCOBY, and H., LEVIN (1957) Patterns of Child Rearing. Patterns of Child Rearing: Row, Peterson.Google Scholar
TOCH, H. H. (1969) Violent Men. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
TUMA, E. and N., LIVSON (1960) “Family socioeconomic status and adolescent attitudes to authority.” Child Development 31 (June): 387–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ZIMRING, F. and G., HAWKINS (1968) “Deterrence and marginal groups.” J. of Research in Crime and Delinquency 5 (July): 100–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar