Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-jwnkl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T08:27:43.116Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The European Brotherhood of Lawyers: The Reinvention of Legal Science in the Making of European Private Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Abstract

Against the historical backdrop of the codification debate in nineteenth century Germany, this article traces the reassertion of “legal science” as an autonomous source of European legal integration in current legal and political discourse about the harmonization of European private law. The article argues that a grasp of widely shared ideas about the role and function of legal science and legal scientists is vital both toward an understanding of the extraordinary impact of the academic project of a European civil code on legal and political discourse in the Union in particular, and toward furthering the theory of legal fields in general.

Type
Symposium: Law, Lawyers, and Transnational Politics in the Production of Europe
Copyright
Copyright © American Bar Foundation, 2007 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alter, Karen. 2001. Establishing the Supremacy of European Law: The Making of an International Rule of Law in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Bach, Maurizio. 1999. Die Bürokratisierung Europas. Frankfurt: Campus. Google Scholar
Basedow, Jürgen. 1996a. Rechtskultur—zwischen nationalem Mythos und europäischem Ideal. Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht 3:379.Google Scholar
Basedow, Jürgen. 1996b. A Common Contract Law for the Common Market. Common Market Law Review 33:1169–95.Google Scholar
Basedow, Jürgen. 1998. The Renascence of Uniform Law: European Contract Law and Its Components. Legal Studies 18:121–45.Google Scholar
Basedow, Jürgen. 2004. Ein optionales Europäisches Vertragsgesetz- opt-in, opt-out, wozu überhaupt? Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht 12:14.Google Scholar
Beale, Hugh et al., eds. 2002. Contract Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Google Scholar
Beatson, Jack, and Schrage, Eltjo. 2003. Unjustified Enrichment. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Google Scholar
Berger, Klaus Peter. 2001. Harmonisation of European Contract Law—The Influence of Comparative Law. International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50:877900.Google Scholar
Beseler, Georg. 1843. Volksrecht und Juristenrecht. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1987. The Force of Law: Toward a Sociology of the Juridical Field. Hastings Law Journal 38:814–53.Google Scholar
Bussani, Mauro, and Mattei, Ugo. 2003. The Common Core of European Private Law. Deventer: Kluwer. Google Scholar
Bussani, Mauro, and Palmer, Vernon Valentine, eds. 2003. Pure Economic Loss in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Cohen, Felix S. 1935. Transcendental Nonsense and the Functional Approach. Columbia Law Review 35:809–49.Google Scholar
Collins, Hugh. 1995. European Private Law and the Cultural Identity of States. European Review of Private Law 3:353–65.Google Scholar
European Group on Tort Law. Principles of European Tort Law. 2005. Wien: Springer.Google Scholar
Frankenberg, Günter. 2006. How to Do Projects with Comparative Law—Notes of an Expedition to the Common Core. Global Jurist Advances 6 (2). http://www.bepress.com/gj/advances/vol6/iss2/art. (accessed September 25, 2006).Google Scholar
Gale, Susan Gaylord. 1982. A Very German Legal Science: Savigny and the Historical School. Stanford Journal of International Law 18:123–46.Google Scholar
Gandolfi, Giuseppe, ed. 2001. Code européen des contrats. Vol. 1: Avant-project. Milan: Giuffrè. Google Scholar
Gordley, James, ed. 2001. The Enforceability of Promises in European Contract Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Graziadei, Michele, Mattei, Ugo, and Smith, Lionel, eds. 2005. Commercial Trusts in European Private Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Grundmann, Stefan, and Stuyck, Jules, eds. 2002. An Academic Green Paper on European Contract Law. Deventer: Kluwer. Google Scholar
Guterman, Simeon L. 1966. Law and History in the Making of European Unity. New York Law Forum 12:430–57.Google Scholar
Häberle, Peter. 1994. Europäische Rechtskultur. Baden-Baden: Nomos. Google Scholar
Haferkamp, Hans-Peter. 2004. Georg Friedrich Puchta und die “Begriffsjurisprudenz.” Frankfurt a.M.: Klostermann.Google Scholar
Hallstein, Walter. 1964. Angleichung des Privat—und Prozessrechts in der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft. Rabels Zeitschrift 28:211231.Google Scholar
Hartkamp, Arthur, et al., eds. 1994. Towards a European Civil Code. Deventer: Kluwer. Google Scholar
Hesselink, Martijn W. 2002. The New European Private Law. Deventer: Kluwer. Google Scholar
Hesselink, Martijn W. 2004. The Politics of a European Civil Code. European Law Journal 10:675–97.Google Scholar
Hesselink, Martijn W. 2005. Editorial. Who Has a Stake in European Contract Law? European Review of Contract Law 1:295–96.Google Scholar
Joerges, Christian. 2004. The Challenges of Europeanization in the Realm of Private Law: A Plea for a New Legal Discipline. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 14:149–96.Google Scholar
John, Michael F. 1985. The Politics of Legal Unity in Germany, 1870–1896. The Historical Journal 28:341–55.Google Scholar
John, Michael F. 1989. Politics and the Law in Late Nineteenth-Century Germany: The Origin of the Civil Code. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Google Scholar
Kennedy, Duncan. 2002. The Politics of “Merely Technical” Issues of Contract Law. European Review of Private Law 10:728.Google Scholar
Kenny, Mel. 2003. The 2003 Action Plan on European Contract Law: Is the Commission Running Wild? European Law Review 28:538–50.Google Scholar
Kieninger, Eva-Maria, ed. 2004. Security Rights in Moveable Property in European Private Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Kötz, Heinx. 1998. European Contract Law. Trans. Weir, Tony. Oxford: Clarendon. Google Scholar
Kötz, Heinx. 2002. Savigny v Thibaut und das gemeineuropäische Zivilrecht. Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht 10:431–35.Google Scholar
Lando, Ole. 1983. European Contract Law. American Journal of Comparative Law 31:653–59.Google Scholar
Lando, Ole. 1992. Principles of European Contract Law: An Alternative to or a Precursor of European Legislation? American Journal of Comparative Law 40:573–85.Google Scholar
Lando, Ole. 1997. Why Codify the European Law of Contract? European Review of Private Law 5:525–36.Google Scholar
Lando, Ole. 1998. Guest Editorial: European Contract Law After the Year 2000. Common Market Law Review 35:821–31.Google Scholar
Lando, Ole. 2000. Optional or Mandatory Europeanisation of Contract Law. European Review of Private Law 4:5969.Google Scholar
Lando, Ole. 2001. Comparative Law and Lawmaking. Tulane Law Review 75:1015–32.Google Scholar
Lando, Ole, and Beale, Hugh, eds. 2000. Principles of European Contract Law—Parts I and II. The Hague: Kluwer. Google Scholar
Lando, Ole, et al., eds. 2003. Principles of European Contract Law—Part III. The Hague: Kluwer. Google Scholar
Legrand, Pierre. 1996. European Legal Systems Are Not Converging. International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45:5381.Google Scholar
Legrand, Pierre. 1997. Against a European Civil Code. Modern Law Review 60:4463.Google Scholar
Lequette, Yves. 2002. Quelques remarques à propos du projet de code civil européen de M. von Bar. Recueil Dalloz2202–14.Google Scholar
Lequette, Yves. 2003. Vers un code civil européen. Pouvoirs (107):97126.Google Scholar
López-Rodríguez, Ana M. 2004. Towards a European Civil Code Without a Common European Legal Culture? The Link Between Law, Language and Culture. Brooklyn Journal of International Law 29:1195–20.Google Scholar
Madsen, Mikael Rask, and Dezalay, Yves. 2002. The Power of the Legal Field: Pierre Bourdieu and the Law. In An Introduction to Law and Social Theory, ed. Banakar, Reza and Travers, Max, 189204. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Google Scholar
Markesinis, Basil. 2004. Two Hundred Years of a Famous Code: What Should We Be Celebrating? Texas International Law Journal 39:561–79.Google Scholar
Mattei, Ugo. 1998. The Issue of European Civil Codification and Legal Scholarship: Biases, Strategies and Developments. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 21:883902.Google Scholar
Mattei, Ugo. 2003. The European Codification Process: Cut and Paste. Deventer: Kluwer. Google Scholar
Menger, Anton. 1890. Das Bürgerliche Recht und die besitzlosen Volksklassen. Tübingen.Google Scholar
Muir-Warr, Horatia. 2004. Experiences from Europe: Legal Diversity and the Internal Market. Texas International Law Journal 39:429–59.Google Scholar
Müller-Graff, Peter-Christian, ed. 1999. Geimeinsames Privatrecht in der Europäischen Gemeinschaft. 2nd ed. Baden-Baden: Nomos.Google Scholar
Niglia, Leone. 2002. The Transformation of Contract in Europe. Deventer: Kluwer. Google Scholar
Puchta, Georg Friedrich. 1854. Vorlesungen über das heutige römische Recht. 4th ed., 2 vols. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Racine, Jean-Baptiste. 2003. Pourquoi unifier le droit des contrats en Europe? Plaidoyer en faveur de l'unification. Revue du Droit de l'Union européenne (2):369407.Google Scholar
Reimann, Mathias. 1990. Nineteenth Century German Legal Science. Boston College Law Review 31:837–97.Google Scholar
Reimann, Mathias. 1991. Roman Law as a Political Agenda. Michigan Law Review 89:1679–93.Google Scholar
Reimann, Mathias. 2002. The Progress and Failure of Comparative Law in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century. American Journal of Comparative Law 50:671700.Google Scholar
Roth, Wulf-Henning. 2002. Transposing “Pointillist” EC Guidelines into Systematic National Codes—Problems and Consequences. European Review of Private Law 6:761–76.Google Scholar
Schepel, Harm. 2004a. Law, Lawyers and Legal Integration. EUSA Review 17 (4):14. http://www.eustudies.org/Fall2004ReviewForu.pdf (accessed September 25, 2006).Google Scholar
Schepel, Harm. 2004b. The Enforcement of EC Law in Contractual Relations: Case Studies in How Not to “Constitutionalise” Private Law. European Review of Private Law 12:661–75.Google Scholar
Schepel, Harm, and Wesseling, Rein. 1997. The Legal Community: Judges, Lawyers, Officials and Clerks in the Writing of Europe. European Law Journal 3:165188.Google Scholar
Schmid, Christoph U. 1999. The Emergence of a Transnational Legal Science in European Private Law. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 19:673–89.Google Scholar
Schmid, Christoph U. 2002. Pattern of Legislative and Adjudicative Integration of Private Law. Columbia Journal of European Law 8:415–86.Google Scholar
Sefton-Green, Ruth, ed. 2005. Fraud, Mistake and Duties to Inform in European Contract Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Staudenmayer, Dirk. 2002. The Commission Communication on European Contract Law and the Future Prospects. International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51:673–88.Google Scholar
Staudenmayer, Dirk. 2005. The Way Forward in European Contract Law. European Review of Private Law 13:95104.Google Scholar
Stein, Peter. 1999 (1996). Roman Law in European History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Steindorff, Ernst. 1996. EG-Vertrag und Privatrecht. Baden-Baden: Nomos. Google Scholar
Stone Sweet, Alec. 2004. The Judicial Construction of Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Stone Sweet, Alec, and Fligstein, Neil. 2002. Constructing Polities and Markets: An Institutionalist Account of European Integration. American Journal of Sociology 107:12061244.Google Scholar
Study Group on Social Justice in European Private Law. 2004. Social Justice in European Contract Law: A Manifesto. European Law Journal 10:653–74.Google Scholar
Teubner, Gunther. 1998. Good Faith in British Law, or How Unifying Law Ends Up in New Divergences. Modern Law Review 61:1132.Google Scholar
Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus. 1814. Über die Notwendigkeit eines allgemeinen bürgerlichen Rechts in Deutschland.Google Scholar
Van Gerven, Walter. 1998. Tort Law-Scope of Protection. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Google Scholar
Van Gerven, Walter. 2002. Codifying European Private Law? Yes, if… ! European Law Review 27:156–76.Google Scholar
Van Gerven, Walter. 2004. Harmonization of Private Law: Do We Need It? Common Market Law Review 41:505–32.Google Scholar
Van Gerven, Walter, Lever, Jeremy, and Larouche, Pierre. 2000. Tort Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Google Scholar
Van Hoecke, Mark, and Ost, François, eds. 2000. The Harmonisation of European Private Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Google Scholar
Vogenauer, Stefan. 2005. An Empire of Light? Learning and Lawmaking in the History of German Law. Cambridge Law Journal 64:481500.Google Scholar
Vogenauer, Stefan, and Weatherill, Stephen. 2005. The European Community's Competence for a Comprehensive Harmonisation of Contract Law—An Empirical Analysis. European Law Review 30:821–37.Google Scholar
Vogenauer, Stefan, and Weatherill, Stephen, eds. 2006. The Harmonisation of European Contract Law. Implications for European Private Laws, Business, and Legal Practice. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Google Scholar
Von Bar, Christian. 1998. The Common European Law of Torts. Vol. 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Von Bar, Christian. 2000. The Common European Law of Torts. Vol. 2, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Von Bar, Christian. 2002. From Principles to Codification: Prospects for European Private Law. Columbia Journal of European Law 8:379–88.Google Scholar
Von Bar, Christian, Lando, Ole, and Swann, Stephen. 2002. Communication on European Contract Law: Joint Response of the Commission on European Contract Law and the Study Group on a European Civil Code. European Review of Private Law 10:183248.Google Scholar
Von Bar, Christian, and Drobnig, Ulrich. 2004. The Interaction of Contract Law and Tort and Property Law in Europe. Berlin: Sellier. Google Scholar
Von Savigny, Friedrich Carl. 1814. Vom Beruf unserer Zeit für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft. Berlin.Google Scholar
Von Gierke, Otto. 1889. Der Entwurf eines bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs und das deutsche Recht. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Von Kirchmann, Julius Hermann. 2000 (1848). Die Wertlosigkeit der Jurisprudenz als Wissenschaft. Heidelberg: Manutius. Google Scholar
Von Savigny, Friedrich Carl. 1840. System des heutigen römischen Rechts. Vol. 1. Berlin.Google Scholar
Wagner, Gerhard. 2005. The Project of Harmonizing European Tort Law. Common Market Law Review 42:12691312.Google Scholar
Weatherill, Stephen. 2002. The Commission's Options for Developing EC Consumer Protection and Contract Law: Assessing the Constitutional Basis. European Business Law Review 13:497515.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society. Ed. Roth, Guenther and Wittich, Claus. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Whitman, James Q. 1990. The Legacy of Roman Law in the German Romantic Era. Historical Vision and Legal Change. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar
Wieacker, Franz. 1990. Foundations of European Legal Culture. American Journal of Comparative Law 38:130.Google Scholar
Wieacker, Franz. 1996 (1952). A History of Private Law in Europe, with particular reference to Germany. Trans. Weir, Tony. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Windscheid, Bernhard. 1870. Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts 3rd ed. 2 vols. Düsseldorf.Google Scholar
Witz, Claude. 2003. La longue gestation d'un code européen des contrats. Rappel de quelques initiatives oubliées. Revue Trimestrielle de Droit Civil 39:447–54.Google Scholar
Wurmnest, Wolfgang. 2003. Common Core, Grundregeln, Kodifikationsentwürfe, Acquis-Grundsätze- Ansätze internationaler Wissenschaftlergruppen zur Privatrechtsvereinheitlichung in Europa. Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht 11:714–44.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, Reinhard. 1995. The “Europeanization” of Private Law within The European Community and the Re-emergence of a European Legal Science. Columbia Journal of European Law 1:63105.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, Reinhard. 1996. Savigny's Legacy: Legal History, Comparative Law and the Emergence of a European Legal Science. Law Quarterly Review 112:576605.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, Reinhard, and Whittaker, Simon, eds. 2000. Good Faith in European Contract Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar