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Women and Welfare: The Politics of Coping with New Social Risks in Chile and Uruguay

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2022

Jennifer Pribble
Jennifer Pribble*
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Abstract

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Women make upadisproportionate shareoftheworld's poor, andLatin America is noexception to this trend. Nevertheless, veryfew studiesofsocial policy intheregion haveinvestigated whythegendered character ofwelfare provisionvariesacrosscountries. Thisarticleaddresses thatquestion throughacomparativehistoricalanalysisofChileandUruguayandconcludes thatvariation in thegendered natureofeach state's social policy regime resultedfromatwo-step process. Inthefirst stage,female laborforce participation, themobilizing capacityofwomen, andpolicy legacies differentiated thet7.UO countries, placing Chile onaless equitable trajectory thanUruguay. These differences were thenmagnifiedduringeach state's experience underauthoritarian rule.

Resumen

Resumen

Las mujeres constituyen en cantidad desproporcionada la mayor parte de las personas pobres en el mundo y América Latina no es la excepción a este desafío. A pesar de esto, muy pocos estudios de política social en la región han investigado por qué la provisión de ayuda basada en el género varía entre los distintos países. Este artículo analiza esta pregunta a través de una mirada histórica, comparando Chile y Uruguay y concluye que la variación en la política social de género de los dos Estados es el resultado de un proceso de dos etapas. Inicialmente, la diferencia de género entre Chile y Uruguay está radicada en factores históricos que incluyen la participación de la fuerza laboral femenina, la capacidad de movilización de las mujeres, las características del sistema de partidos políticos, y la retroalimentación de políticas. Estas diferencias se ampliaron entre ambos países cuando se encontraron cada uno bajo regímenes autoritarios. Mientras el régimen militar de Pinochet decretó reformas económicas regresivas desde el punto de vista de género e institucionalizó el poder de la derecha y de la iglesia, el régimen uruguayo fue más neutral desde el punto de vista de género en la aplicación de sus políticas.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 41 , Issue 2 , June 2006 , pp. 84 - 111
Copyright
Copyright © 2006 by the University of Texas Press

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