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Something Fishy: Chile's Blue Revolution, Commodity Diseases, and the Problem of Sustainability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2022

John Soluri
John Soluri*
Affiliation:
Carnegie Mellon University
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Abstract

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At Marine Harvest, we are convinced that there are no real long-term conflicts between maximising value creation and operating in a sustainable way from a social or environmental perspective.

Marine Harvest 2010

The United Nations describes aquaculture as the fastest-growing method of food production, and some industry boosters have heralded the coming of a sustainable blue revolution. This article interprets the meteoric rise and sudden collapse of Atlantic salmon aquaculture in southern Chile (1980–2010) by integrating concepts from commodity studies and comparative environmental history. I juxtapose salmon aquaculture to twentieth-century export banana production to reveal the similar dynamics that give rise to “commodity diseases”—events caused by the entanglement of biological, social, and political-economic processes that operate on local, regional, and transoceanic geographical scales. Unsurprisingly, the risks and burdens associated with commodity diseases are borne disproportionately by production workers and residents in localities where commodity disease events occur. Chile's blue revolution suggests that evaluating the sustainability of aquaculture in Latin America cannot be divorced from processes of accumulation.

Resumo

Resumo

Las Naciones Unidas describe la acuacultura como el método más rápido de producción de comida, lo que ha llevado a algunos entusiastas a predecir la llegada de una “revolución azul” sostenible. Este artículo interpreta el meteórico ascenso y repentino colapso de la acuacultura del salmón atlántico en el sur de Chile (1980–2009), integrando conceptos que provienen del área de estudios sobre productos y la historia medioambiental comparativa. Contrapongo los casos de la acuacultura del salmón y de la producción y exportación de bananas en el siglo XX para demostrar que comparten dinámicas eco-sociales similares que dieron lugar a lo que se podría denominar “enfermedades de producto” (“commodity diseases”), eventos causados por la superposición de procesos biológicos y sociales que operan en múltiples escalas geográficas. No es sorprendente que los riesgos y costos asociados con estas enfermedades de producto sean asumidos de manera desproporcionada por los trabajadores que participan en su producción y los residentes de aquellas localidades en donde éstas ocurren. Un análisis comparativo de estos dos productos biológicos —el salmón y la banana— sugiere que el problema de la sostenibilidad no puede ser, por tanto, separado de los procesos de acumulación.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 46 , Issue S1: Contemporary Debates on Ecology, Society, and Culture in Latin America , 2011 , pp. 55 - 81
Copyright
Copyright © 2011 by the University of Texas Press

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