^1. One of the best books which captures this emphasis, and the new relationships and patterns produced by electoral competition, including the views of numerous younger scholars, is Jorge Domínguez's and Alejandro Poiré's collection, Toward Mexico's Democratization: Parties, Campaigns, Elections and Public Opinion (New York: Routledge, 1999).

^2. See my “Mexico, Government and Politics,” Handbook of Latin American Studies, 59 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002), which surveys the literature from this time period.

^3. One of the most revealing analyses of why Mexicans voted for Fox and what variables influenced their decisions can be found in Chappell Lawson and Jorge Domínguez, eds., Mexico's 2000 Elections (Unpublished manuscript, 2003), based on a comprehensive, national panel survey of voters.

^4. Mexico: Paradoxes of Stability and Change, 2d ed. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1987).

^5. See her Taking on Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997).

^6. Soledad Loaeza (Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1999).

^7. “Mexico: Sustained Civilian Rule and the Question of Democracy,” in Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America, 2d ed. by Larry Diamond, et. al. (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1999).

^8. For a broad, comparative analysis of how Mexicans themselves interpret democracy, and its political and economic consequences, see Roderic Ai Camp, ed., Citizen Views of Democracy in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001), and a special forum in Mexican Studies, 19 (Winter 2003).

^9. For a discussion of this issue, see John Sheahan's lucid “Effects of Liberalization Programs on Poverty and Inequality: Chile, Mexico, and Peru,” Latin American Research Review 37, no. 3 (1997): 7–37.

^10. For example, see her “Rebels Without a Cause? The Politics of Entrepreneurs in Chihuahua,” Journal of Latin American Studies 26, no. 1 (1994): 137–58.

^11. “Los empresarios y el Estado durante el Salinismo,” Foro Internacional 36 (January–February 1996): 31–79. The bibliography provided in this essay is outstanding.

^12. See Victoria Rodríguez and Peter Ward's Opposition Government in Mexico (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995), and New Federalism and State Government in Mexico, U.S.-Mexico Policy Studies Report, no. 9, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999).

^13. For several recent assessments, see George W. Grayson, Mexico's Armed Forces, A Factbook (Washington, D.C.: CSIS, 1999), and Roderic Ai Camp, “The Mexican Military, Marching to a Different Tune?,” in Kevin Middlebrook, ed., The Dilemma of Mexican Politics in Transition (San Diego, Calif.: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, 2003).

^14. Recognizing the importance of this topic, a group of Mexico's leading political scientists produced a book that explores such topics as the legislative branch, the judicial branch, and federalism under the obfuscating title of La ciencia política en México (Mexico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 1999).

^15. Fernández Poncela (México: El Colegio de México, 1995), and Rodríguez, ed. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998). A brief summary of some of the data in Fernández Poncela's work can be found in her essay in Changing Structure of Mexico: Political, Social, and Economic Prospects (Armonk: Sharpe, 1996), 307–14. Rodríguez has a major book on Women in Contemporary Mexican Politics forthcoming from the University of Texas Press, 2003.

^16. Federalismo y congreso (México: UNAM, 1995); El poder compartido: un ensayo sobre la democratización mexicana (México: Océano, 2000). His essay, “Entre pasado y futuro: la ciencia política y el poder legislativo en México,” Estudios Filosóficos Históricos y Letras 54 (Autumn 1998): 21–40, is an outstanding overview and bibliography of published and unpublished sources on Mexico's congress. Caroline Beer, who has researched the role of state legislatures and the impact of power sharing on state politics, has a forthcoming book on this topic with many fresh insights entitled Electoral Competition and Institutional Change in Mexico (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2003). Jeffrey Weldon's articles on congressional committee structures, reelection, and legislative-executive relations are equally noteworthy.

^17. The Mexican Congress (Washington, D.C.: CSIS, 2000), also published in Spanish.

^18. A number of imaginative studies have emerged focusing on local politics. Among them are Rodolfo García del Castillo's Los municipios en México: los retos ante el futuro (Mexico: CIDE, 1999), which may well be the most comprehensive published data set on municipalities. Based on a national survey, the data provides numerous perspectives on local leadership and municipal performance. A second work, one of the few to explain the behavior of state governors, is Adriana Amezcua and Juan E. Pardiñas, Todos los gobernadores del Presidente: cuando el dedo de uno aplasta el voto popular (Mexico: Grijalbo, 1997).

^19. “Mexican Popular Movements, Clientelism, and the Process of Democratization,” Latin American Perspectives 21, no. 2 (1994): 124–42.

^20. Organizaciones civiles y políticas públicas (Mexico: Porrúa, 1998).

^21. Building the Third Sector (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).

^22. The literature on the Zapatistas is more than generous, but most are collections of documents or interviews. Few provide the theoretical focus and detailed field research found in Stephen's work. Among some of the better, recent collections are Iván Molina Jiménez, El pensamiento del EZLN (México: Plaza y Valdés, 2000), and a scholarly compilation on elections in highland Chiapas, covering a wide range of original topics and electoral data: Juan Pedro Viqueira and Willibald Sonnleitner, eds., Democracia en tierras indígenas: las elecciones en los Altos de Chiapas, 1991–1998 (México: El Colegio de México, 2000).

^23. Collier provided the most detailed analysis of the guerrilla uprising and the different factions within the larger context of the theoretical literature in his initial interpretation “Structural Adjustment and New Regional Movements: the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas,” in Ethnic Conflict and Governance in Comparative Perspective (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars, 1995), 28–50. For an early Mexican view, see Carlos Montemayor's Chiapas, la rebellion indígena de México (Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1998).

^24. The Zapatista “Social Netzvar” in Mexico (Santa Monica: The Rand Corporation, 1998) is basically a case study of the concept of electronic warfare, and how the Zapatistas' success produced numerous consequences for the Mexican armed forces and elsewhere.

^25. The best early work on professions generally, and the role of experts, in Mexico are Peter Cleaves, Professions and the State: The Mexican Case (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1987), and David Lorey, The Rise of the Professions in Twentieth-Century Mexico: University Graduates and Occupational Change since 1929 (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1994).

^26. See their “The Ubiquitous Rise of Economists,” Journal of Public Policy 19, no. 1 (1993): 37–68, and “From the Power of Economic Ideas to the Power of Economists,” in Miguel A. Centeno, ed., The Other Mirror: Essays on Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001). The two best collections are Miguel A. Centeno and Patricio Silva, eds., The Politics of Expertise in Latin America (New York: St. Martin's, 1998), and Jorge Domínguez, ed., Technopols: Freeing Politics and Markets in Latin America in the 1990s (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997).