Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T18:21:46.588Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cuba's Laborante: The Worker as Revolutionary Identity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2022

Marissa L. Ambio*
Affiliation:
Stony Brook University
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The laborante was a revolutionary identity of the Ten Years' War that represented those who worked clandestinely in favor of Cuban independence. The repeated invocation of the term did not emerge from a single print source, nor was its usage evolutionary such that each reference responded to a previous one. Instead, writers appropriated the term to represent anticolonial advocates from diverse sectors of Cuba's socioeconomic strata and to grapple with shifting identities. A Latinate term for “worker,”laborante intimates the changing dynamic between elites, the working class, and slaves. This article examines the uses of laborante to show how Cuban identity was negotiated in different but related moments. It also explores why elites may have cultivated the worker, a figure of limited economic power, to represent their aspirations for increased political freedom, and what this implies about the agents of the revolution.

Resumen

Resumen

El laborante fue una identidad revolucionaria empleada durante la Guerra de los Diez Años para representar a los agentes que trabajaban clandestinamente a favor de la independencia cubana. El uso prolífico del término no se debía a una sola fuente, ni reflejaba un desarrollo evolucionario en el que cada invocación se remitía a la anterior. El laborante, por otro lado, fue apropiado tanto para representar a los agentes anticoloniales quienes pertenecían a varios sectores socioeconómicos como para expresar una nueva identidad nacional cubana. Un término latinizado para referirse al trabajador, el laborante intimita la dinámica revolucionaria entre la elite, la clase trabajadora y los esclavos. Este trabajo analiza los usos del laborante para indagar cómo se pensaba el perfil nacional cubano en distintos momentos a lo largo de la revolución. De igual modo, explora el motivo por el cual la elite cultivaba una figura de poca agencia económica —el trabajador— para representar la liberación política, y qué implica esta identidad sobre los agentes de la revolución.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 by the Latin American Studies Association

References

Anderson, Benedict 1983 Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Casanovas, Joan 1998 Bread or Bullets! Urban Labor and Spanish Colonialism in Cuba, 1850–1898. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrer, Ada 1999 Insurgent Cuba: Race, Nation, and Revolution, 1868–1898. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Figarola-Caneda, Domingo 1905 Bibliografía de Rafael M. Merchán. 2nd ed. Havana: La Universal.Google Scholar
García del Pino, César 2006 El laborante y otros temas Martianos. Havana: Ediciones Unión.Google Scholar
Gómez de Avellaneda, Gertrudis. 2001 Sab. Ed. José Servera. Madrid: Cátedra.Google Scholar
Goodmann, H. 1872 Escenas de la Revolución de Cuba: Los laborantes. Paris: Librería del Americano.Google Scholar
Lazo, Rodrigo 2005 Writing to Cuba: Filibustering and Cuban Exiles in the United States. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Manzano, Juan Francisco. 2007 Autobiografía del esclavo poeta y otros escritos. Ed. William Luis. Madrid: Vervuert.Google Scholar
Merchán, Rafael María (1868) 1948 “Laboremus.” In Patria y cultura, edited by Lizaso, Félix. Grandes Periodistas Cubanos 7. Havana: Ministerio de Educación.Google Scholar
El negro mártir 1854 In El Mulato (New York), February 20, 27; March 6, 11, 26; April 1, 8, 17, 25.Google Scholar
Piñeyro, Enrique 1901 Vida y escritos de Juan Clemente Zenea. Paris: Gamier Hermanos.Google Scholar
Poyo, Gerald E. 1989 With All, and for the Good of All: The Emergence of Popular Nationalism in the Cuban Communities of the United States, 1848–1898. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Smorkaloff, Pamela Maria 1997 Readers and Writers in Cuba: A Social History of Print Culture, 1830s–1990s. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Thomas, Hugh 1971 Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Tinajero, Araceli 2009 El Lector: A History of the Cigar Factory Reader. Translated by Grasberg, Judith E. Austin: University of Texas Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar