Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-mwx4w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-23T08:00:22.037Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Caribbean Security: Retrospect and Prospect

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2022

Ivelaw L. Griffith
Ivelaw L. Griffith*
Affiliation:
Florida International University
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

During the 1980s, the major security themes that Caribbean scholars studied were geopolitics, militarization, intervention, and instability. The interface between domestic and international politics led to linkages among some of these themes and their domestic, regional, and international dimensions. For example, the militarization of Grenada in the 1980s was predicated on the need to defend the Grenadian revolution against foreign intervention and local counterrevolution. Ironically, the same buildup created the climate that led to the self-destruction of the revolution and presented the United States with a golden opportunity to intervene. In doing so, the United States succeeded in fulfilling a preexisting geopolitical aim of its own. Elsewhere in the region, militarization and concerns about stability in Dominica, Barbados, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines raised security concerns within the Eastern Caribbean, where several countries created the Regional Security System (RSS) in 1982 to bolster subregional security and became willing accomplices of intervention when the United States intervened in Grenada a year later.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , 1995 , pp. 3 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

∗

Aspects of this article were presented at a conference on Inter-American Security at the College Militaire Royal de Saint-Jean, Canada, and at the Conference of the Caribbean Studies Association in Jamaica, both held in May 1993. Helpful comments by conference participants, the LARR editors, and four anonymous referees are all gratefully acknowledged.

References

ADKIN, MARK 1989 Urgent Fury: The Battle for Grenada. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
ANDERSON, THOMAS D. 1984 Geopolitics in the Caribbean. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
AZAR, EDWARD, AND MOON, CHUNG-IN 1984 “Third World National Security: Towards a New Conceptual Framework.” International Interactions 11, no. 2:103–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BASDEO, SAHADEO 1992 “Cuba in Transition: Socialist Order under Siege.” Caribbean Affairs 5, no. 4 (Oct.–Dec.):91–117.Google Scholar
BLACK, GEORGE 1985 “Mare Nostrum: U.S. Security Policy in the English-Speaking Caribbean.” NACLA Report on the Americas, no. 19 (July–Aug.):13–48.Google Scholar
BLASIER, COLE 1983 The Giants Rival: The USSR and Latin America. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
BLOM-COOPER, LOUIS 1990 Guns for Antigua. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
BOODHOO, KEN I. 1994 “Never-Ending Haitian Crisis.” Caribbean Affairs 5, no. 1 (Mar.–Apr.):172–87.Google Scholar
BRANA-SHUTE, GARY 1993 “Guyana '92: It's about Time.” Hemisphere 5, no. 2 (Winter–Spring):40–44.Google Scholar
BRYAN, ANTHONY T. 1992 “Changes in Western Hemispheric Security: A Caribbean Perspective.” In Evolving U.S. Strategy for Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Erik Kjonnerod, L. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press.Google Scholar
BRYAN, ANTHONY T., GREENE, J. EDWARD, AND SHAW, TIMOTHY M., EDS. 1990 Peace, Development, and Security in the Caribbean. New York: St. Martin's.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BUZAN, BARRY 1991 People, States, and Fear. 2d ed. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
CARICOM 1989 Port of Spain Accord on the Management and Conservation of the Caribbean Environment. Georgetown, Guyana: CARICOM Secretariat.Google Scholar
CARICOM PERSPECTIVE 1990 “Communiqué and Addresses: Eleventh Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community.” CARICOM Perspective 49 (July–Dec), special supplement.Google Scholar
CHIN, WALTER 1992 “The Impending Journey of Plutonium.” Sunday Chronicle (Guyana), 25 October.Google Scholar
CLARKE, COLIN, AND PAYNE, TONY, EDS. 1987 Politics, Security, and Development in Small States. London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
COMMONWEALTH STUDY GROUP 1985 Vulnerability: Small States in the Global Society. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.Google Scholar
DANNS, GEORGE K. 1982 Domination and Power in Guyana. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction.Google Scholar
DANNS, GEORGE K. 1986 “The Role of the Military in the National Security of Guyana.” In YOUNG AND PHILLIPS 1986, 112–38.Google Scholar
DEROUEN, KARL 1992 “Militarization and Economic Growth in Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad.” Paper presented at the Conference of the Caribbean Studies Association, 26–29 May, St. George's, Grenada.Google Scholar
DIEDERICH, BERNARD 1984 “The End of West Indian Innocence.” Caribbean Review 13 (Spring):10–12.Google Scholar
DIETRICH, FISCHER 1993 Non-Military Aspects of Security: A Systems Approach. Aldershot, Hampshire: Dartmouth Publishing.Google Scholar
DOMINGUEZ, JORGE I. 1993 “The Secrets of Castro's Staying Power.” Foreign Affairs 72, no. 2 (Spring):97–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DOUGHERTY, JAMES JR., AND PFALTZGRAFF, ROBERT L. 1990 Contending Theories of International Relations. 3d ed. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
DUNCAN, W. RAYMOND 1985 The Soviet Union and Cuba: Interests and Influences. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
FALK, RICHARD 1991 “Theory, Realism, and World Security.” In World Security: Trends and Challenges at Century's End, edited by Klare, Michael T. and Thomas, Daniel C. New York: St. Martin's.Google Scholar
FINER, SAMUEL 1988 The Man on Horseback. 2d ed. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
GARCIA MUÑIZ, HUMBERTO 1986 Boots, Boots, Boots: Intervention, Regional Security, and Militarization in the Eastern Caribbean. Río Piedras, P.R.: Caribbean Project on Justice and Peace.Google Scholar
GARCIA MUÑIZ, HUMBERTO 1988 La estrategia de Estados Unidos y la militarización del Caribe. Río Piedras: University of Puerto Rico.Google Scholar
GARCIA MUÑIZ, HUMBERTO, AND NATAL, BETSAIDA VELEZ 1992 Bibliografía militar del Caribe. Río Piedras, PR.: Center for Historical Investigation, University of Puerto Rico.Google Scholar
GONZALEZ, EDWARD 1982 A Strategy for Dealing with Cuba. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corporation.Google Scholar
GREENE, J. E. 1990 “External Influences and Stability in the Caribbean.” In BRYAN, GREENE, AND SHAW 1990, 205–23.Google Scholar
GRIFFIN, CLIFFORD E. 1992 “Cuba, the Domino that Refuses to Fall: Can Castro Survive the ‘Special Period‘?” Caribbean Affairs 5, no. 1 (Jan.–Mar.):24–42.Google Scholar
GRIFFITH, IVELAW L. 1991 “The Military and the Politics of Change in Guyana.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 33, no. 2 (Summer):141–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GRIFFITH, IVELAW L. 1992 “The RSS: A Decade of Collective Security in the Caribbean.” The Round Table, no. 324 (Oct.):465–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GRIFFITH, IVELAW L. 1993a The Quest for Security in the Caribbean: Problems and Promises in Subordinate States. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
GRIFFITH, IVELAW L. 1993b “Security for Development: Caribbean-Asia Pacific Regional Mechanisms.” In The Caribbean in the Pacific Century, by Jacqueline A. Braveboy-Wagner, W. Marvin Will, Dennis J. Gayle, and Ivelaw L. Griffith. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
GRIFFITH, IVELAW L. 1993c “Drugs and Security in the Commonwealth Caribbean.” Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 31, no. 2 (July):70–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GRIFFITH, IVELAW L. 1993–1994 “From Cold War Geopolitics to Post-Cold War Geonarcotics.” International Journal 49, no. 1 (Winter):1–36.Google Scholar
GRIFFITH, IVELAW L. 1994 “Algunas implicaciones de seguridad de las operaciones de narcóticos en el Caribe de la Mancomunidad.” In RODRÍGUEZ BERUFF AND GARCÍA MUÑIZ 1994, 115–36.Google Scholar
GRIFFITH, IVELAW L., ED. 1991 Strategy and Security in the Caribbean. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
GUYANA, GOVERNMENT OF, PARLIAMENT 1992 Budget Speech: Parliamentary Sessional Paper No. 1 of 1992. Presented 30 Mar. 1992 by Minister of Finance Carl B. Greenidge to the Fifth Parliament of Guyana.Google Scholar
HAMILTON, R. 1992 “Joining the Coastal Battle: A Clean Environment Is Good Economics.” The IDB (Sept.–Oct.):6–8.Google Scholar
HARDEN, SHEILA, ED. 1985 Small Is Dangerous: Micro-States in a Macro World. New York: St. Martin's.Google Scholar
HARDING, JAMES R. 1994 “Security Challenges and Opportunities in the Americas.” North-South 3, no. 5 (Feb.–Mar.):48–51.Google Scholar
HEINE, JORGE, ED. 1991 A Revolution Aborted: The Lessons of Grenada. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
HUBER, EVELYNE 1993 “The Future of Democracy in the Caribbean.” In Democracy in the Caribbean, edited by Domínguez, Jorge I., Pastor, Robert L., and Delisle Worrell, R. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
HUDSON, REX A. 1989 “Strategic and Regional Security Perspectives.” In Islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean, edited by Meditz, Sandra W. and Hanratty, Dennis M. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress.Google Scholar
HUTCHINSON, GLADSTONE A., AND SCHUMACHER, UTE 1994 “NAFTA's Threat to Central American and Caribbean Basin Exports: A Revealed Comparative Advantage Approach.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36 (Spring):127–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
INTER-AMERICAN DIALOGUE 1992 Convergence and Community: The Americas in 1993. Washington D.C.: Aspen Institute.Google Scholar
KEMP, GEOFFREY 1990 “Regional Security, Arms Control, and the End of the Cold War.” The Washington Quarterly 13, no. 4 (Autumn):33–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KORNBLUH, PETER 1987 “Nicaragua: U.S. Pro-Insurgency Warfare against the Sandinistas.” In Low-Intensity Warfare, edited by Klare, Michael T. and Kornbluh, Peter. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
LAGUERRE, MICHEL S. 1993 The Military and Society in Haiti. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LEWIS, DAVID 1991 “The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Its Impact on the Caribbean Basin Economies.” Caribbean Studies 24, nos. 3–4:99–116.Google Scholar
LEWIS, GARY 1986 “The Prospects for a Regional Security System in the Eastern Caribbean.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 15, no. 1:73–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LEWIS, VAUGHAN A. 1991 “Small States, Eastern Caribbean Security, and the Grenada Intervention.” In HEINE 1991, 257–63.Google Scholar
LOWENTHAL, ABRAHAM F. 1986 “The United States and the Caribbean Basin: The Politics of National Insecurity.” Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 8, nos. 2–3:83–89.Google Scholar
MACDONALD, SCOTT B. 1988a “Insurrection and Redemocratization in Suriname? The Ascendancy of the Third Path.'” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30, no. 1 (Spring):105–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MACDONALD, SCOTT B. 1988b Dancing on a Volcano: The Latin American Drug Trade. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
MAINGOT, ANTHONY P. 1986–1987 “Haiti: Problems of a Transition to Democracy in an Authoritarian Soft State.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 28, no. 4 (Winter):75–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MAINGOT, ANTHONY P. 1988 “Laundering the Gains of the Drug Trade: Miami and Caribbean Tax Havens.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30 (Summer–Fall):167–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MAINGOT, ANTHONY P. 1989 “The English-Speaking Caribbean and Hemispheric Security: The Lessons of Grenada.” In Security in the Americas, edited by Fauriol, Georges. Washington D.C.: National Defense University Press.Google Scholar
MAINGOT, ANTHONY P. 1990 “The United States in the Caribbean: Geopolitical Realities and the Bargaining Capacity of Small States.” In BRYAN, GREENE, AND SHAW 1990, 57–84.Google Scholar
MAINGOT, ANTHONY P. 1994 Grasping the Nettle: A “National Liberation” Option for Haiti. North-South Agenda Papers, no. 6. Miami, Fla.: North-South Center, University of Miami.Google Scholar
MANIGAT, LESLIE 1988 “The Setting: Crisis, Ideology, and Geopolitics.” In The Caribbean and World Politics, edited by Heine, Jorge and Manigat, Leslie. New York: Holmes and Meier.Google Scholar
MARIÑEZ, PABLO 1991 “The Armed Forces in the Dominican Republic: Professionalization and Politicization.” In Conflict, Peace, and Development in the Caribbean, edited by Beruff, Jorge Rodriguez, Peter Figueroa, J., and Edward Greene, J. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
MARS, PERRY 1992 Foreign Influence and Political Conflict in the Post-Colonial Caribbean. Working Paper no. 133. New York: Center for Studies of Social Change, New School for Social Research.Google Scholar
MEHTA, JAGAT S., ED. 1985 Third World Militarization. Austin, Tex.: Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs.Google Scholar
MISCHE, PATRICIA 1989 “Ecological Security and the Need to Reconceptualize Sovereignty.” Alternatives 13, no. 4:389–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MOORER, THOMAS H., AND FAURIOL, GEORGES A. 1984 Caribbean Basin Security. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
MORGENTHAU, HANS J. 1985 Politics among Nations. 6th ed. Revised by Thompson, Kenneth W. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
MORRIS, MICHAEL A. 1994 Caribbean Maritime Security. New York: St. Martin's.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NORDLINGER, ERIC 1977 Soldiers in Politics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
NYE, JOSEPH S. JR. 1992 “What New World Order?” Foreign Affairs 71, no. 2 (Spring):83–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NYE, JOSEPH S. JR., AND LYNN-JONES, SEAN M. 1988 “International Security Studies: A Report of a Conference on the State of the Field.” International Security 12, no. 4 (Spring):5–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PASTOR, ROBERT L. 1992 Whirlpool: United States Foreign Policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
PAYNE, ANTHONY 1991 “The Foreign Policy of the PRG.” In HEINE 1991, 123–51.Google Scholar
PEREZ, LOUIS A. JR. 1987 “Armies of the Caribbean: Historical Perspectives, Historiographical Trends.” Latin American Perspectives 14, no. 4 (Fall):490–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PEREZ-LOPEZ, JORGE F. 1991 “Swimming against the Tide: The Implications for Cuba of Soviet and Eastern European Reforms in Foreign Economic Relations.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 33, no. 2 (Summer):81–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PERKOVICH, GEORGE 1993 “The Plutonium Genie.” Foreign Affairs 72, no. 3 (Summer):153–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PHILLIPS, DION E. 1985 “Caribbean Militarization: A Response to the Crisis.” Contemporary Marxism, no. 10:92–109.Google Scholar
PHILLIPS, DION E. 1986 “The Increasing Emphasis on Security and Defense in the Eastern Caribbean.” In YOUNG AND PHILLIPS 1986, 42–64.Google Scholar
RODRIGUEZ BERUFF, JORGE 1985 “Puerto Rico and the Militarization of the Caribbean, 1979–1984.” Contemporary Marxism, no. 10:68–91.Google Scholar
RODRIGUEZ BERUFF, JORGE 1989 “U.S. Caribbean Policy and Regional Militarization.” In Hemispheric Security and U.S. Policy in Latin America, edited by Varas, Augusto. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
RODRIGUEZ BERUFF, JORGE 1994 “La cuestión estratégico militar y la libre determinación de Puerto Rico: el debate plebiscitario (1989–1993).” In RODRÍGUEZ BERUFF AND GARCÍA MUÑIZ 1994, 95–114.Google Scholar
RODRIGUEZ BERUFF, JORGE, AND MUÑIZ, HUMBERTO GARCIA, EDS. 1994 El Caribe en la post-guerra fría. Santiago, Chile: FLACSO.Google Scholar
RONFELDT, DAVID 1983 Geopolitics, Security, and U.S. Strategy in the Caribbean Basin. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corporation.Google Scholar
ROSENBERG, MARK B. 1993 “Whither the Caribbean? Whither Florida?” Hemisphere 5, no. 2 (Winter–Spring):9–11.Google Scholar
ROTHSTEIN, ROBERT L. 1986 “The Security Dilemma and the ‘Poverty Trap’ in the Third World.” Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 8, no. 4:1–38.Google Scholar
RSS (REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM) 1986 “The Roles of the Regional Security System in the East Caribbean.” Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs, no. 11 (Jan.–Feb.):5–7.Google Scholar
RUPESINGHE, KUMAR 1992 “The Disappearing Boundaries between Internal and External Conflicts.” In New Agenda for Peace Research: Conflict and Security Reexamined, edited by Boulding, Elise. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
RYAN, SELWYN 1991 The Muslimeen Grab for Power. Port of Spain, Trinidad: Imprint Caribbean.Google Scholar
SANDERS, RON 1990 “Narcotics, Corruption, and Development: The Problems of the Smaller Islands.” Caribbean Affairs 3, no. 1 (Jan.–Mar.):79–92.Google Scholar
SCHOULTZ, LARS 1987 National Security and United States Policy toward Latin America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SCHULZ, DONALD E. 1993 “Can Castro Survive?” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 35, no. 1 (Spring):89–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SEARWAR, LLOYD 1987 Peace, Development, and Security in the Caribbean Basin: Perspectives for the Year 2000. Ottawa, Canada: Institute for International Peace and Security.Google Scholar
SEARWAR, LLOYD 1992 “The Caribbean Conundrum.” In The Suffering Grass, edited by Wiess, Thomas and Blight, James G. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
SEDOC-DAHLBERG, BETTY N. 1986 “Interest Groups and the Military Regime in Suriname.” In YOUNG AND PHILLIPS 1986, 90–111.Google Scholar
SEDOC-DAHLBERG, BETTY N. 1990 “The Struggle for Democracy in Suriname.” In The Dutch Caribbean, edited by Sedoc-Dahlberg, Betty N. New York: Gordon and Breach.Google Scholar
SEGAL, AARON 1991 “The Caribbean: Small Is Scary.” Current History, no. 90 (Mar.):105–8, 138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SERBIN, ANDRES 1990 Caribbean Geopolitics: Toward Security through Peace? Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
SERBIN, ANDRES 1992 “Venezuela: Reversal or Renewal?” Hemisphere 4, no. 3 (Summer):24–26.Google Scholar
SIM, RICHARD, AND ANDERSON, JAMES 1980 “The Caribbean Strategic Vacuum.” Conflict Studies, no. 121 (Aug.):1–21.Google Scholar
SORENSEN, THEODORE 1992 “America's First Post-Cold War President.” Foreign Affairs 71, no. 4 (Fall):13–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TIRYAKIAN, JOSEFINA C. 1984 “The Military and Security Dimensions of U.S. Caribbean Policy.” In The Caribbean Challenge: United States Policy in a Volatile Region, edited by Michael Erisman, H. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
TOW, WILLIAM T. 1990 Subregional Security Cooperation in the Third World. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
TULCHIN, JOSEPH S. 1994 “The Formation of United States Foreign Policy in the Caribbean.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, no. 533 (May):177–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UN CHRONICLE 1992 “Nicaragua Discontinues Case against Honduras.” UN Chronicle 29, no. 3 (Sept.):78.Google Scholar
UNITED STATES, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND DEFENSE 1984 Grenada Documents: An Overview and Selection. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Printing Office.Google Scholar
VARAS, AUGUSTO 1985 Militarization and the International Arms Race in Latin America. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
VILLAGRAN DE LEON, FRANCISCO 1992 The OAS and Democratic Development. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace.Google Scholar
WALT, STEPHEN M. 1991 “The Renaissance of Security Studies.” International Studies Quarterly 35, no. 2 (June):211–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WEST INDIAN COMMISSION 1992 Time for Action: The Final Report of the West Indian Commission. Black Rock, Barbados: West Indian Commission.Google Scholar
WILSON, A. 1992 “North American Free Trade Agreement.” CRS Review 13 (Feb.–Mar.):11–12.Google Scholar
WOLPIN, MILES 1972 Militarization and Counterrevolution in the Third World. Lexington, Ky.: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
YOUNG, ALMA H., AND PHILLIPS, DION E., EDS. 1986 Militarization in the Non-Hispanic Caribbean. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar