Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T02:01:06.520Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Plasma-target surface interaction during non-equilibrium plasma irradiation at atmospheric pressure: Generation of dusty plasma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2013

Limin Li ,
Chao Liu ,
Xuming Zhang ,
Guosong Wu ,
Ming Zhang ,
Ricky K.Y. Fu  and
Paul K. Chu
Limin Li
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Chao Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China School of Electronics Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
Xuming Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Guosong Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Ming Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Ricky K.Y. Fu
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Paul K. Chu*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Paul K. Chu, Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. E-mail: paul.chu@cityu.edu.hk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The remaining challenges, developing the relativistic electron beam sources, stimulate the investigations of cathode materials. Carbon-fiber-aluminum composite is the most appropriate cathode materials to construct the robust relativistic electron beam sources. Carbon-fiber-aluminum composite is treated by a non-equilibrium atmospheric plasma torch with a copper electrode based on high-voltage gas discharge. The axial and radial distributions of the plasma torch temperature are measured to determine the optimal treatment temperature and location. Copper-oxide particles with diameters of less than 1 µm are deposited onto the surface of the carbon-fibers and a layer of copper-oxide covers the entire surface as the treatment time is increased. Raman spectroscopy suggests that although the locations of the D and G band are similar, the areas of the D and G bands increase after the plasma treatment due to the reduced graphite crystalline size in the carbon-fibers. Analysis of the copper electrode surface discloses materials ablation arising from the discharge which releases copper from the source. Our results reveal that the atmospheric plasma torch generated by high-voltage discharge is promising in the surface modification of the carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum composite. Further, the plasma produced by atmospheric plasma torch is dusty plasma, due to the participation of liberated copper particles. The plasma torch was analyzed by fluid dynamics, in terms of plasma density, plasma expansion velocity, and internal pressure, and it was found that the plasma produced by atmospheric torch is supersonic flow.

Keywords

Aluminum compositeAtmospheric plasmaDusty plasma
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 69 - 78
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cheng, X.-B., Liu, J.-L. & Qian, B.-L. (2013). Application of high speed frame camera on the intense electron beam accelerator: An overview. Laser Part. Beams. doi:10.1017/S0263034613000633.Google Scholar
Fan, X., Liu, J. & Lv, X. (2013). Research on the electromagnetic fields radiating during the operation of intense electron-beam accelerator. Laser Part. Beams 31, 149–154.Google Scholar
Kolb, J.F., Mattson, A.M., Edelblute, C.M., Hao, X., Malik, M.A. & Heller, L.C. (2012). Cold DC-operated air plasma jet for the inactivation of infectious microorganisms. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 40, 3007–3026.Google Scholar
Li, L., Chang, L., Zhang, L., Liu, J., Chen, G. & Wen, J. (2012). Development mechanism of cathode surface plasmas of high current pulsed electron beam sources for microwave irradiation generation. Laser Part. Beams 30, 541–551.Google Scholar
Li, L., Cheng, G., Zhang, L., Ji, X., Chang, L., Xu, Q., Liu, L., Wen, J., Li, C. & Wan, H. (2011). Role of the rise rate of beam current in the microwave radiation of vircator. J. Appl. Phys. 109, 074504.Google Scholar
Li, L., Liu, L., Wan, H., Xu, Q., Cheng, G. & Wen, J. (2009 a). Surface modification and submicron structure of carbon fibers through high current pulse. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 8030–8035.Google Scholar
Li, L., Liu, L., Wen, J. & Liu, Y. (2009 b). Effects of CsI coating of carbon fiber cathodes on the microwave emission from a triode virtual cathode oscillator. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 37, 15–22.Google Scholar
Li, L., Liu, L., Xu, Q., Chang, L., Wan, H. & Wen, J. (2009 c). Propagation of individual plasma spots on cathode surface by high-current discharge process. Phys. Lett. A 373, 1165–1169.Google Scholar
Li, L., Liu, L., Xu, Q., Chen, G., Chang, L., Wan, H. & Wen, J. (2009 d). Relativistic electron beam source with uniform high-density emitters by pulsed power generators. Laser Part. Beams 27, 335–344.Google Scholar
Liu, J.-L., Zhang, H.-B., Fan, Y.-W., Hong, Z.-Q. & Feng, J.-H. (2012). Study of low impedance intense electron-beam accelerator based on magnetic core Tesla transformer. Laser Part. Beams 30, 299–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, X., Jiang, Z., Xiong, Q., Tang, Z., Hu, X. & Pan, Y. (2008 a). An 11 cm long atmospheric pressure cold plasma plume for applications of plasma medicine. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 081502.Google Scholar
Lu, X., Jiang, Z., Xiong, Q., Tang, Z. & Pan, Y. (2008 b). A single electrode room-temperature plasma jet device for biomedical applications. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 151504.Google Scholar
Nohara, L.B., Filho, G.P., Nohara, E.L., Kleinke, M.U. & Rezende, M.C. (2005). Evaluation of carbon fiber surface treated by chemical and cold plasma processes. Mater. Res. 8, 281–286.Google Scholar
Pan, X., Zhang, R., Peng, S. & Qiu, Y. (2010). Study on the surface modification of PBO fiber under dielectric barrier discharge treatment. Fibers Polymers 11, 372–377.Google Scholar
Peng, J.-C., Liu, G.-Z., Song, X.-X. & Su, J.-C. (2011). A high repetitive rate intense electron beam accelerator based on high coupling Tesla transformer. Laser Part. Beams 29, 55–60.Google Scholar
Sarani, A., Nikiforov, A.Y., Geyter, N.D., Morent, R. & Leys, C. (2011). Surface modification of polypropylene with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet sustained in argon and an argon/water vapour mixture. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 8737–8741.Google Scholar
Shao, T., Tarasenko, V.F., Zhang, C., Baksht, E.K., Yan, P. & Shut'Ko, Y.V. (2012). Repetitive nanosecond-pulse discharge in a highly nonuniform electric field in atmospheric air: X-ray emission and runaway electron generation. Laser Part. Beams 30, 369–378.Google Scholar
Teng, Y., Chen, C.H., Sun, H.S.J., Song, Z.M., Xiao, R.Z. & Du, Z.Y. (2013). Design and efficient operation of a coaxial RBWO. Laser Part. Beams 31, 321–331.Google Scholar
Tiwari, S., Sharma, M., Panier, S., Mutel, B., Mitschang, P. & Bijwe, J. (2011). Influence of cold remote nitrogen oxygen plasma treatment on carbon fabric and its composites with specialty polymers. J. Mater. Sci. 46, 964–974.Google Scholar
UGent, A.S., UGent, A.N., UGent, N.D.G., UGent, R.M. & UGent, C.L. (2011). Surface modification of polyprone pylewith an atmospheric pressure plasma jet sustained in argon and an argon/water vapour mixture. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 8737–8741.Google Scholar
Wu, S., Lu, X.P., Ostrikov, K., Liu, D. & Pan, Y. (2011). Solitary filamentary structures and nanosecond dynamics in atmospheric-pressure plasmas driven by tailored dc pulses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 161503.Google Scholar
Wu, S., Wang, Z., Huang, Q., Lu, X. & Ostrikov, K. (2012). Open-air direct current plasma jet: Scaling up, uniformity, and cellular control. Phys.Plasmas 19, 103503.Google Scholar
Yan, X., Zou, F., Lu, X.P., He, G., Shi, M.J., Xiong, Q., Gao, X., Xiong, Z., Li, Y., Ma, F.Y., Yu, M., Wang, C.D., Wang, Y. & Yang, G. (2009). Effect of the atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasmas on the conformational changes of plasmid DNA. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 083702.Google Scholar
Yousfi, M., Hennad, A., Benhenni, M., Eichwald, O. & Merbahi, N. (2012). Basic data of ions in He-air mixtures for fluid modeling of low temperature plasma jets. J. Appl. Phys. 112, 043301.Google Scholar
Zhang, C., Tarasenko, V.F., Shao, T., Baksht, E.K., Burachenko, A.G., Yan, P. & Kostyray, I.D. (2013 a). Effect of cathode materials on the generation of runaway electron beams and X-rays in atmospheric pressure air. Laser Part. Beams 31, 353–364.Google Scholar
Zhang, Q., Sun, P., Feng, H., Wang, R., Liang, Y., Zhu, W., Becker, K.H., Zhang, J. & Fang, J. (2012 a). Assessment of the roles of various inactivation agents in an argon-based direct current atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet. J. Appl. Phys. 111, 123305.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. & Liu, J. (2013 b). A new kind of solid-state Marx generator based on transformer type magnetic switches. Laser Part. Beams 31, 239–248.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. & Liu, J.L. (2012 b). Impedance matching condition analysis of the multi-filar tape-helix Blumlein PFL with discontinuous dielectrics. Laser Part. Beams 30, 639–650.Google Scholar