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X. The Nations of India at the Battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2011

Extract

This paper explains how the nations and tribes of India were arrayed in the great war of the Pāṇḍavas against the Kauravas, and the annexed map illustrates the position by exhibiting the names of the countries and peoples in different colours, those supporting the Pāṇḍavas being printed in blue ink, and the Kauravas and their allies in red, while those which were neutral and all collateral details are printed in black ink. It has been prepared at Dr. Grierson's suggestion in order to ascertain whether the division has any ethnographical significance with reference to his researches into the languages of India.

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Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1908

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References

page 310 note 1 iv, 2313–47.

page 310 note 2 iv, 2348–76.

page 310 note 3 v, 24, etc.

page 310 note 4 Their mother Pṛthāa Kuntī was his father Vasudeva's sister.

page 310 note 5 i, Subhadrā-haraṇa-p.

page 310 note 6 v, 100.

page 311 note 1 v, 70–89.

page 311 note 2 v, 129.

page 311 note 3 v, 104, 132.

page 311 note 4 v, 133–4.

page 311 note 5 v, 144–52; vii, 3255; viii, 1077.

page 311 note 6 v, 570, 586–7, 2233–4; ix, 1969–84.

page 311 note 7 v, 5737; viii, 1070, 4065; ix, 1623.

page 311 note 8 ix, 947.

page 312 note 1 vi, 3681; i, 3816; v, 199.

page 312 note 2 v, 172–90; ix, 310–11.

page 312 note 3 An akṣauhiṇī is stated to comprise 21, 870 chariots, 21, 870 elephants, 65, 610 cavalry, and 109, 350 foot-soldiers (i, 293–8). These are impossible numbers, even including camp-followers. Another reckoning is given in v, 5264–7, where it is stated that the term aksauhini was commonly used as more or less synonymous with the names for smaller bodies of troops.

page 312 note 4 v, 570–83 and 2233–54.

page 312 note 5 He was a Vṛṣṇi, , v, 2006, 7645.Google Scholar

page 312 note 6 He was of the Vṛṣṇis, , vi, 3715Google Scholar; and of the Sātvatas, , vi, 3718–20.Google Scholar

page 312 note 7 Son of Śiśupāla, , v, 5900Google Scholar.

page 313 note 1 Jayatsena, is named expressly, v, 577Google Scholar; but he is placed on the Kauravas', side, v, 2503, vi, 623Google Scholar, and was killed on that side by Abhimanyu, , viii, 120Google Scholar. Jayatsena, therefore, in the first passage would seem to be an error for Sahadeva, , see p. 316 below.Google Scholar

page 313 note 2 Pāṇḍya, is mentioned in v, 578–9Google Scholar, and the Kaikeya, princes in v, 2240Google Scholar. Both were on the Pāṇḍavas' side and are often mentioned. The former was a reigning king, and the latter were princes ousted from their kingdom, see p. 317 below; yet the Kaikeya prince is said to have led an akṣauhiṇī, vi, 3066.

page 313 note 3 vii, 972–3, 3971, 5021.

page 313 note 4 v, 583–95, with 2242–54; vi, 622–4 are corrupt.

page 313 note 5 v, 5742; vi, 3730–4.

page 313 note 6 He was a Bhoja, , v, 2252, 5737; vii, 4429Google Scholar; and a Sātvata, , vii, 3253.Google Scholar

page 313 note 7 He was son of Vṛddhakṣattra, king of Sindhu, , vii, 6258–63Google Scholar; and was more especially king of Sindhu, , v, 2186; vii, 6265–6.Google Scholar

page 313 note 8 i, 6995; v, 5274–5.

page 313 note 9 v, 5751.

page 313 note 10 vi, 3651; vii, 3682–94. They must be distinguished from two of the Kaikeya princes of the same names who were on the same side. The two Avanti kings were killed by Arjuna, , vii, 3682–94.Google Scholar The two Kaikeya princes were killed by Satyaki, , viii, 507, 521–2.Google Scholar

page 313 note 11 v, 594; viii, 492. See last note.

page 314 note 1 v, 5100, 7397–7407, 7494–5.

page 314 note 2 i, 7174; v, 5100, 5152, 5324, 7598. Draupadī's, brother, v, 2891Google Scholar.

page 314 note 3 v, 64, 90.

page 314 note 4 i, 7174; v, 661–2.

page 314 note 5 v, 92, 140–1, 158, 5342.

page 314 note 6 ii, 125; v, 668, 5101, 5882, 7645.

page 314 note 7 v, 5101; vi, 3715.

page 314 note 8 v, 5347–9, 5387; ix, 1969–84. Bhīna, Both and Duryodhana, had been his pupils in the art of arms, v, 5346–7.Google Scholar

page 314 note 9 v, 5163, 5922; vi, 834, 1740.

page 314 note 10 i, 4382–3.

page 315 note 1 ii 571–84.

page 315 note 2 iii 15052; xii, 134–5.

page 315 note 3 ii 579–80.

page 315 note 4 ii, 585–8, 1115–16; v, 5350–1

page 315 note 5 v, 2054–6.

page 315 note 6 ii, 580–1.

page 315 note 7 ii, 589.

page 315 note 8 ii, 590–3.

page 315 note 9 vii. 388.

page 315 note 10 vii, 387.

page 315 note 11 xii, 12954.

page 315 note 12 ii, 594–8; vi, 2609.

page 315 note 13 v, 1885.

page 315 note 14 ii, 761.

page 315 note 15 ii, 599–625, 631–2.

page 316 note 1 ii, 625–33.

page 316 note 2 ii, 929–30.

page 316 note 3 ii, 594–5, 884, 962; v, 2325; xiv, 2436–44.

page 316 note 4 ii, 962–6.

page 316 note 5 ii, 1527.

page 316 note 6 ii, 1166–7.

page 316 note 7 ii, 1584; v, 669–71.

page 316 note 8 v, 5900.

page 316 note 9 ii, 1508; v, 5900. Nakula, also married Dhṛṣṭaketu's sister, i, 3831; iii, 898.Google Scholar

page 316 note 10 v, 669.

page 316 note 11 v, 1881, 5360.

page 316 note 12 v, 5366–87. He ruled over Bhojas, and Āhukas, , two tribes of the Yādavas, v, 5350–1, 5366.Google Scholar

page 316 note 13 ii, 1090–1; viii, 688–704.

page 317 note 1 viii, 696; and ii, 627–8, 809–10, 1091.

page 317 note 2 ii, 1090–2.

page 317 note 3 v, 2014; viii, 120.

page 317 note 4 v, 2014, 5325.

page 317 note 5 v, 5764.

page 317 note 6 v, 2504, 5793, where read Magadha for Mādhava; vii, 4573–92.Google Scholar

page 317 note 7 v, 2503; viii, 120, where he is said to have been killed by Abhimanyu, . Both Sahadeva and Jayatsena are mentioned in v, 2014.Google ScholarJayatsena, is named in v, 577, 2014Google Scholar as having joined the Pāṇḍavas, but this seems erroneous. The point, however, is not important; what is important is that the Māgadhas were divided; the western took the Pāṇḍavas' side and the eastern the Kauravas' side. See p. 313, note 1.

page 317 note 8 Or Kekaya, vi, 3501–3.Google Scholar

page 317 note 9 v, 664, 2248; viii, 168–9.

page 317 note 10 iii, 462.

page 317 note 11 See P. 319.

page 317 note 12 vii, 1016–20.

page 317 note 13 v, 667, 5918.

page 318 note 1 iii, 17169; vi, 1620, viii, 1732.

page 318 note 2 v, 631–8, 2303, 2414–16, 5409–10.

page 318 note 3 iii, 17171–2.

page 318 note 4 viii, 863, 877–81. They are also said to have been led by some of their own mleccha kings (vii, 1142–5; viii, 877–80), who would have been Karṇ's vassals.

page 318 note 5 vi, 4102; viii, 863; yet Candrasena, son of Samudrasena, is named on the Pāṇḍavas' side (v, 5911; vii, 1007); and they appear to have been kings of Vaṅga (ii, 1097–8; vii, 1007).

page 318 note 6 ii, 121; vi, 623, 657.

page 318 note 7 ii, 580.

page 318 note 8 ii, 1567–8; iii, 4–88; v, 1887–92; xii, 12954–6.

page 318 note 9 iii, 15618, 15635.

page 318 note 10 i, 2744–5.

page 318 note 11 iii, Draupadī-haraṇa-p.

page 319 note 1 viii, 100–1.

page 319 note 2 See P. 313.

page 319 note 3 iii, 15595–6.

page 319 note 4 iii, 15593–4.

page 319 note 5 iii, 15594.

page 319 note 6 iii, 15612–21.

page 319 note 7 vi, 2051, 1731–2, 3729.

page 319 note 8 ii, 1718–23, 1762–5, 2510–13; v, 2303.

page 319 note 9 ii, 689, 4808, 5648; vii, 184.

page 319 note 10 vi, 3166; ix, 1528–33.

page 319 note 11 v, 5412.

page 319 note 12 vi, 689, 4808, 5648; vii, 184.

page 319 note 13 vii, 802.

page 319 note 14 vii, 638–700.

page 320 note 1 It is said Nīla had had hostilities with Sahadeva, v, 5752.Google Scholar

page 320 note 2 v, 5742; vi, 3730–4.

page 320 note 3 v, 2206, 3402; vii, 6931–2.

page 320 note 4 v, 693; vii, 6934.

page 320 note 5 i, 3797–8; v, 5055.

page 320 note 6 i, 3800, 4425.

page 320 note 7 vii, 6006–7, 7230; viii, 106.

page 320 note 8 v, 693–4; vii, 6929–34.

page 320 note 9 v, 5053–68. Was this an instance of succession through the mother? If so, the story shows both froms of succession existing side by side.

page 321 note 1 i, 3797.

page 321 note 2 v, 5707; vi, 834, 2079, 2088; vii, 6698.

page 321 note 3 vi, 655.

page 321 note 4 vi, E.g. two princes named Vinda and Anuvinda, both among the Avantis and the Kaikeyas; see p. 313.

page 321 note 5 vi, 750; vii, 5997, 6002.

page 321 note 6 i, 7001.

page 321 note 7 See also v, 4350.

page 322 note 1 v, 5903.

page 322 note 2 v, 5903.

page 322 note 3 v, 5902. 7646; vii, 955, 974.

page 322 note 4 vi, 4152; vii, 953–4.

page 322 note 5 vi, 5903, 5916.

page 322 note 6 v, 7624, 7638; vi, 714, 835.

page 322 note 7 v, 5163, vi, 5555; vii, 1002.

page 322 note 8 iv, 1011; vi, 5541.

page 322 note 9 iv, 1012; v, 2237.

page 322 note 10 iv, 1015; v, 2237; vi, 2010.

page 322 note 11 v, 1014, v, 2237.

page 322 note 12 v, 5164.

page 322 note 13 i, 6995; v, 5919.

page 322 note 14 vi, 2081, 2415.

page 322 note 15 v, 5921.

page 322 note 16 viii, 170. One was a Pāñcāla, viii, 2736Google Scholar; and the other apparently a Cedi, viii, 2740.Google Scholar

page 322 note 17 v, 5910, 7649; vi, 4151; vii, 990.

page 322 note 18 v, 5912; viii, 182.

page 322 note 19 v, 5910, 7649; vi, 4151; vii, 990.

page 322 note 20 v, 5909; vii, 1003.

page 322 note 21 v, 2007; vi, 2117; vii, 3528.

page 322 note 22 Kāśi-rāja, , vi, 834Google Scholar; Kāśika, , v, 5906–7Google Scholar; Kāśya, , v, 5915, 7650; vi, 846, 4151; vii, 976. This is sometimes confused with Kāñcya.Google Scholar

page 322 note 23 v, 7650; vi, 4151; vii, 990.

page 322 note 24 ii, 1884–5; v, 5161, 5919; vii, 990.

page 323 note 1 viii, 526–7, 540–1.

page 323 note 2 See P. 327 below.

page 323 note 3 v, 806–7.

page 323 note 4 i, 3829.

page 323 note 5 vii, 877, 1004, 5069; viii, 459.

page 323 note 6 viii, 864.

page 323 note 7 See P. 326 below.

page 323 note 8 ii, 590–2.

page 323 note 9 ii, 1117.

page 323 note 10 Rāmāy., Araṇ.-k., xv, 528, ed. Gorr, .Google Scholar

page 324 note 1 See p. 326 below.

page 324 note 2 vii, 1004.

page 324 note 3 v, 7635; vi, 5190; vii, 1026.

page 324 note 4 v, 2264, 5153, 5895; vi, 2416.

page 324 note 5 vi, 2022.

page 324 note 6 vii, 992.

page 324 note 7 v, 1842.

page 324 note 8 vi, 2081.

page 324 note 9 ii, 590–1, 1108; iv, 11–12.

page 324 note 10 See p. 313.

page 324 note 11 v, 4749.

page 324 note 12 vi, 2102; viii, 864.

page 325 note 1 vi, 2080, 4271–6.

page 325 note 2 v, 7418–20.

page 325 note 3 viii, 454, 2304.

page 325 note 4 viii, 455; vi, 2084, where Coḍhras should probably be Colas.

page 325 note 5 viii, 455.

page 325 note 6 viii, 459; but probably Kāśis or Kāśyas should be read here.

page 325 note 7 v, 5510, 5555.

page 325 note 8 v, 2138, 5652.

page 325 note 9 iv, 972.

page 325 note 10 vi, 2084.

page 325 note 11 vi, 2083.

page 325 note 12 vi, 2081.

page 325 note 13 vi, 2084.

page 325 note 14 vi, 2084.

page 325 note 15 vi, 2084.

page 325 note 16 vi, 2084.

page 325 note 17 vi, 2083.

page 325 note 18 vi, 2080, and 2409, 5483.

page 325 note 19 vi, 2080; and v, 584, 7609; vi, 753.

page 325 note 20 viii, 4308, etc.; and 4328.

page 325 note 21 vi, 2081; viii, 2304; and vi, 2239–49, 5484; viii, 779.

page 325 note 22 vi, 2083.

page 325 note 23 vi, 2410.

page 326 note 1 vi, 662, 668, 670, 2230–4, 2249–50, 2409, 3132, 5483; viii, 864, 882.

page 326 note 2 See p. 318 above.

page 326 note 3 vii, 802; viii, 863.

page 326 note 4 viii, 863, 882.

page 326 note 5 viii, 882.

page 326 note 6 vi, 2410.

page 326 note 7 vii, 183.

page 326 note 8 v, 5510, 5555; vi, 664, 689, 2141, 2584, 2646; viii, 863.

page 326 note 9 viii, 138. See p. 330, note 7.

page 326 note 10 viii, 864, vi, 3855.

page 326 note 11 v, 5765; vi, 1683–4, 3534, 3855, 5325.

page 326 note 12 v, 7612.

page 326 note 13 See P. 323.

page 326 note 14 vi, 5483.

page 326 note 15 vi, 2106.

page 327 note 1 v, 5510, 5555; vi, 688, 752, 2405.

page 327 note 2 Conversely, , Vatsas are mentioned on the Pāṇḍavas' side erroneously for Matsyas, vi, 2084.Google Scholar

page 327 note 3 vii, 396; xiii, 1951.

page 327 note 4 ii, 1084; vi, 2084; viii, 237; xiii, 1946.

page 327 note 5 iii, 15245; v, 7351.

page 327 note 6 i, 7002.

page 327 note 7 vi, 688, 2097, 3294, 5485; vii, 183, 799.

page 327 note 8 vii, 387–9.

page 327 note 10 vi, 688, 750, 2584, 4340, 5485.

page 327 note 11 vi, 2584, 2647; viii, 107.

page 327 note 12 v, 7609; vi, 688, 2104, 4809, 5485, 5648; viii, 1077.

page 327 note 13 vi, 655, 4501; vii, 1789–91, 3528, 3552.

page 327 note 14 i, 3828.

page 327 note 15 v, 5707; vi, 834, 2088, 2079, 2117; vii, 1008, 6698.

page 327 note 16 iii, 15581–7, 15602–5.

page 328 note 1 v, 7609; vi, 688, 2104, 2584, 4809, 5485, 5648.

page 328 note 2 v, 2289, 7607; vi, 1707, 3293, 5484; vii, 973, 4818; viii, 779.

page 328 note 3 See p. 321 above; but compare v, 2289; vi, 3533, 4666.

page 328 note 4 i, 2696, 4426–7.

page 328 note 5 vi, 750, 2406.

page 328 note 6 vi, 688, 5485, 5648; vii, 3254, 3339, 7207; viii, 127.

page 328 note 7 vi, 2405.

page 328 note 8 v, 5510; vi, 688, 752, 3169, 5485, 5649; viii, 1077.

page 328 note 9 iii, 615–18, 637.

page 328 note 10 iii, 619–889.

page 328 note 11 v, 2249; viii, 131.

page 329 note 1 vi, 3852; viii, 137.

page 329 note 2 vi, 4808, 5484, 5648; vii, 183.

page 329 note 3 viii, 137.

page 329 note 4 vi, 2106, 2584, 2646, 3853.

page 329 note 5 vi, 3852–3.

page 329 note 6 v, 2249.

page 329 note 7 ii, 1175; iii, 12839; vii, 122; viii, 779.

page 329 note 8 ii, 767; iii, 15654; iv, 2360; v, 1885, 3043.

page 329 note 9 v, 586; read Andhakas.

page 329 note 10 ii, 1872; vi, 2097.

page 329 note 11 ii, 767; v, 586; xii, 8457.

page 329 note 12 He had Bhojas, , viii, 780Google Scholar.

page 329 note 13 viii, 780.

page 329 note 14 vii, 1437; viii, 864, 882.

page 329 note 15 vi, 2103.

page 329 note 16 vi, 3855.

page 329 note 17 vi, 2102; viii, 779.

page 329 note 18 viii, 864, 882; and vi, 2103, 3855 (where the reading is Melakas).

page 329 note 19 v, 5510, 7608; vi, 3852; viii, 863.

page 330 note 1 vi, 3853.

page 330 note 2 v, 5510, 5555, 7608; vi, 689.

page 330 note 3 vii, 183, 798.

page 330 note 4 vii, 798.

page 330 note 5 v, 890, 7608–9; viii, 3511, 3524; ix, 28.

page 330 note 6 viii, 138. See p. 326, note 8.

page 330 note 7 v, 890, 7608–9; viii, 3511, 3524; ix, 28.

page 330 note 8 v, 5510, 5555; vi, 3853; viii, 779.

page 330 note 9 vii, 798.

page 330 note 10 vi, 2103.

page 330 note 11 vi, 2105.

page 330 note 12 v, 890, 7608–9; viii, 138, 3511, 3524; ix, 28.

page 330 note 13 vi, 2105.

page 330 note 14 vi, 3855.

page 330 note 15 vi, 3297.

page 330 note 16 vi, 2097.

page 330 note 17 vi, 2410.

page 330 note 18 vi, 2098.

page 330 note 19 vi, 2099.

page 330 note 20 vii, 798.

page 330 note 21 vi, 2105.

page 330 note 22 vi, 2097.

page 330 note 23 vii, 692; viii, 138; they may perhaps be connected with Māvella, (i, 2364; ii, 1272)Google Scholar.

page 330 note 24 vii, 691; viii 137.

page 330 note 25 vii, 692; viii, 137.

page 331 note 1 v, 890, 7608–9; viii, 3511, 3524; ix, 28.

page 331 note 2 v, 590, 7609; vi, 753, 2097, 3856; vii, 798.

page 331 note 3 v, 590, 5510; vi, 753, 2408, 5649.

page 331 note 4 v, 5510, 5555; vii, 4847; viii, 779.

page 331 note 5 vi, 3297.

page 331 note 6 vi, 2106, 5484; vii, 799; yet some are mentioned erroneously on the Pāṇḍavas' side (vi, 2083, where Dāradas should probably be Drāviḍas).

page 331 note 7 see p. 313 above.

page 331 note 8 v, 890, 7608–9; viii, 138, 3511, 3524; ix, 28.

page 331 note 9 vi, 2863–9, 3663–70.

page 331 note 10 i, 6071–80.

page 331 note 11 i, 5940, 5962.

page 331 note 12 i, 5874–93, 5927.

page 331 note 13 i, 6036–8.

page 331 note 14 vi, 1737–9, 3288, 3557, 3661.

page 331 note 15 vi, 3977–80.

page 331 note 16 vi, 2083.

page 331 note 17 v, 5802; vi, 1711–13; vii, 7848–81.

page 331 note 18 vii, 8004–10.

page 332 note 1 vii, 4065–76; i, 6104, 6206,6291–5.

page 332 note 2 vii, 7855–8; iii, 11519–22.

page 332 note 3 vi, 4552, 4570–5, 4584–5.

page 332 note 4 iii, 9990–10094.

page 332 note 5 Modern belief, as Dr. Grierson tells me, places Ṛṣyaśṛṅga at Singar, in the south-east of the Gaya district, but I know of no authority for it.

page 332 note 6 vi, 3854.

page 334 note 1 ii, 589–616.

page 334 note 2 ii, 589–616.

page 334 note 3 see p. 312.

page 335 note 1 Jarāsandha gave Karṇa the kingdom of Aṅga, , see p. 315Google Scholar; and, whatever we may think of Karṇa's alleged parentage, it is certain that he is always treated as being of the same stock as the other actors. He had mleccha kings under him in Aṅga, , see p. 318, note 4.Google Scholar

page 335 note 2 i, 2334–65.

page 335 note 3 v, 2371–2419, 3801–16.

page 335 note 4 v, 101, 196, 685, 5157–8.

page 335 note 5 v, 596–601.

page 335 note 6 v, 2241, 4956, 5147–51.

page 335 note 7 v, 5165–6, 5174–7; vi, 645.

page 336 note 1 v, 5310–11, 5407, 7613; vi, 645.

page 336 note 2 vi, 3.