^{page 495 note 1} JRAS., April, 1925, “ Byzantine Musical Instruments in the Ninth Century,” and April, 1926, “ The Canon and Eschaquiel of the Arabs.”

^{page 496 note 1} There is no mention of or evidence for the hydraulis in the West after Apollinaris Sidonius (c. 483), and in the East after Isaac of Antioch (fl. 459) and the Talmud (c. 500).

^{page 496 note 2} Aghānī, ix, 95.

^{page 497 note 1} Ibn Abī Uṣaibi‘a, ii, 155, 163.

^{page 497 note 2} See Der Islām, 1918, p. 55, and Archiv für die geschichte der naturwissen-schaften und der technik, viii, 140. Geheimrat Professor E. Wiedemann of Erlangen, my distinguished co-worker in the field of research into Arabian musical matters, has dealt with the whole range of this subject.

^{page 497 note 3} Al-Mashriq, ix, 23 seq.

^{page 497 note 4} Al-Fihrist, 270, 285. Reed-pipe organ = , Flue-pipe organ = .

^{page 498 note 1} De l'État Actuel de l'Art musical en Égypte : In Description de l'Égypte, Etat Mod., Tome I (fol. edit.), p. 613 et seq. Cf. Land, Récherches sur l'histoire de la gamme arabe.

^{page 498 note 2} British Museum MS., Or. 136, fols. 3v-5.

^{page 498 note 3} Ibn Zaila, Ṣafī al-Dīn, Ibn Ghaibi (d. 1435), and the author of the Muhammad ibn Murād MS. (Brit. Mus., Or. 2361, fol. 168, v. seq.) show a diatonic system for the “ wood-wind ” instruments.

^{page 498 note 4} Al-Mashriq, xvi, 407.

^{page 498 note 5} An alternative note to b (612).

^{page 498 note 6} British Museum MS., Or. 2361, fol. 226.

^{page 499 note 1} Al-Mashriq, ix, 23.

^{page 499 note 2} Cf. Ikhwān al-Safā (Bombay ed.), i, 92 ; Kitāb al-siyāsa, loc. cit.

^{page 499 note 3} Al-Mashriq, ix, 25.