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Art. XX.—The Chahár Maqála (“Four Discourses”) of Nidhámí-i-'Arúḍi-i-Samarqandí

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2011

Extract

They relate thus, that Naṣr b. Aḥmad, who was the central point of the Sámánid group, whose fortunes reached their zenith during the days of his rule, was most plenteously equipped with every means of enjoyment and material of splendour—well-filled treasuries, an efficient army, and loyal servants. In winter he used to reside at Bukhárá, his capital, while in summer he used to go to Samarqand or some other of the cities of Khurásán. Now one year it was the turn of Herat. He spent the spring at Bádghís, where are the most charming pasture-grounds of Khurásán and 'Iráq, for there are nearly a thousand watercourses abounding in water and pasture, any one of which would suffice for an army.

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Original Communications
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1899

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References

Page 757 note 1 See de Meynard's, BarbierDict. de la Perse, pp. 487, 511–512Google Scholar, according to which the former village is distant from Herát two parasanga, the latter ten.

Page 758 note 1 The festival of the autumnal equinox, which fell in the old Persian month of Mihr.

Page 758 note 2 So L. B. has , A. . The usual meaning of the word appears to be a sieve or basket made of osiers. See Horn's, Asadi, p. 99, 1. 1Google Scholar; Salemann's, Shams i Fachrîi Lexicon, p. 96, 1. 13Google Scholar, and note ad calc.

Page 758 note 3 The reading is very uncertain. A. has , L. .

Page 758 note 4 Here also the reading is uncertain. I follow A., which seems to read:

. L. has

Page 759 note 1 So A., which reads ; while L. has , “a Chinese spring.”

Page 759 note 2 See Ethé's, excellent monograph, and his article in the Encyclopaedia Britannica; also p. 62 of the Journal for 01, 1899Google Scholar.

Page 760 note 1 This poem is very well known, being cited in almost all notices of Rúdagí's life (e.g. by Dawlatsháh), in Forbes', Persian Grammar, pp. , 2, 161–163Google Scholar, and in Blochmann's, Frosody of the Persians, pp. 23Google Scholar.

Page 761 note 1 Khing-i-nawbatí. To provide against any sudden emergency, a horse, ready saddled and bridled, was kept always at the gate of the King's palace, and it is this ‘sentry-horse’ to which reference is here made.

Page 761 note 2 L. has , and in a marginal note explains burúna as meaning turban or handkerchief; but A. has , and I suspect that it is really a placename. Cf. Sachau's remarks on the derivation of al-Bírúni's name at p. 7 of his translation of the Chronology of Ancient Nations.

Page 761 note 3 See Houtsma's ed. of al-Bundárí's History of the Seljúqs, pp. 93, 101, 105.

Page 764 note 1 So A., but B. and L. read , while M.F. has .

Page 764 note 2 See Defrémery's, Histoire des Samanides, p. 265Google Scholar.

Page 765 note 1 The words are omitted by L.

Page 765 note 2 A. .

Page 765 note 3 L. has for , so that the sense would then be “anyone of their amírs.”

Page 765 note 4 Or, in its Arabicized form, Ṣighániyán, a place in Transoxania, near Tirmidh and Qubádhiyan. See De Goeje's Bibl. Geogr. Arab., where it is mentioned repeatedly.

Page 766 note 1 The word is , explained in the margin of L. as meaning,

Page 766 note 2 Písh u pas.

Page 767 note 1 See pp. 114–117 of the lithographed edition of Farrukhí's works published at Ṭihrán for Mírzá Mahdí Khán Badáyi'-nigár, poetically surnamed Mukhliṣ, in A.H. 1301. Of the 52 bayts there given, only 22 are cited in the Chahár Maqála. The poem is also given by Dawlatshah (pp. 55–57 of my forthcoming edition). Only a few of the more important variants are noticed here.

Page 767 note 2 A gloss in the lithographed Ṭihrán edition explains this word as meaning ‘necklace’ ().

Page 768 note 1 L. has glossed in the margin as ‘slave-boys’ (). The Ṭihráu ed. has , ‘eyes.’

Page 769 note 1 L. substitutes ‘Fakhr-i-Dawlat

Page 769 note 2 The Ṭihrán ed. haa: .

Page 768 note 3 So A. L. has .

Page 769 note 4 So A. and L. The ed. has .

Page 773 note 1 This verse, to which are added several others, is commonly ascribed to the Nidhámu'1-Mulk, e.g. by Dawlatsháh (p. 59 of my forthcoming edition). Apart from the improbability that one who lay dying of a mortal wound would be in the mood to compose verses, we learn from this anecdote that the Nidhámu'1-Mulk “had no opinion of poets because he had no skill in their art.” The verse which gives his age as 94 at the time of his death' (he was actually 80 at most) is alone enough to discredit the story.

Page 774 note 1 Probably 'Alí b. Faráunarz the Kákwayhid is intended. See Lane's, Muhmnmadan Dynasties, p. 145Google Scholar.

Page 777 note 1 Called by Riḍa-qulí Khán (M.F., i, 139) Ṭughánsháh b. Malik-i-Mu'ayyad. See Houtsma's, Hist. des Seljoucides de Hermân, pp. 111, 119, 142Google Scholar.

Page 777 note 2 'Awfí's Zubáb, ch. x, No. 3; Dawlatsháh (pp. 72–73 of my ed.), Ṭabaqa ii, No. 1; and M.F., vol. i, pp. 139–152.

Page 777 note 3 M.F., i, p. 169. His laqab was Majdu'd-Din and his nisba Sajáwandí.

Page 777 note 4 For the explanation of this passage I am indebted to my friend Mírzá 'Abdu'l-Ghaffár of the Persian Legation. The six ‘houses’ on each side of the backgammon board are named (proceeding from left to right) as follows: (1) khál-khán or yak-gáh, (2) dú-khán, (3) si-khán, (5) chahár-khán, (5) báf-dar, (6) shish-khán or shish-dar-gáh. The numbers contained in these names allude to the numbers which must be thrown with the dice to get the pieces which occupy them off the board.

Page 778 note 1 The two MSS. and L. all have “572,” an evident error, for (1) Sulṭán Ibráhím the Ghaznavid reigned A.H. 461–492 (A.D. 1059–1099): (2) Maliksháh reigned a.h. 465–485 (A.D. 1072–1092); (3) the poet in question died in a.h. 515 or 525 (a.d. 1121 or 1130); (4) the Chahár Maqála, as we have already seen, was written during the lifetime of Sulṭán 'Alá'u'd-Dín Ḥusayn Jahánsúz, i.e. before a.h. 556 (a.d. 1161).

Page 778 note 2 So A., L.: B. has I cannot identify the word, and suspect that the reading is wrong.

Page 779 note 1 I adopt B.'s reading, . A. has ; L.

Page 779 note 2 These verses are inserted in the margin of A. (f. 20a) only.

Page 780 note 2 I can find no mention of a poet of this name, and am inclined to, think that the author of the oldest extant Persian version of Kalíla and Dimna (lithographed at Tabríz, a.h. 1305) is meant. In this volume his name is given as Nidhámu'd- Dím Abu'l-Ma'álí Naṣru'Mh b. 'Abdu'l-Ḥamíd, but in M.F. (vol. i, p. 655) as Naṣiru'd-Dím [b.] 'Abdu'l-Ḥamíd-i-Fársi-i-Shírází. Some of the verses which he composed in prison are there cited.

Page 780 note 2 L. has ‘twenty.’

Page 781 note 1 The seventh Seljúq king, who reigned a.h. 498–511 (a.d. 1104–1117).

Page 781 note 2 The dynasty called Ilak Khans (see Lane's, Muḥammadan Dynasties, pp 134135Google Scholar) seems to be meant. L. has ‘Sámánís.' Khiḍr Khán b. Abu'l-Mudhaffar 'Imádu'd-Dawla Ibráhím Tufgháj Khan reigned about a.h. 472–488 (a.d. 1079–1095).

Page 782 note 1 See n. 19 on p. 658 supra.

Page 782 note 2 Mentioned briefly in the Átashkada amongst the poets of Máwará'u'n-Nahr.

Page 782 note 3 See n. 22 on p. 658 supra.

Page 782 note 4 See n. 23 on p. 658 supra.

Page 782 note 5 See n. 1 on p. 659 supra.

Page 782 note 6 Sayyidu'sh-Shu'ará.

Page 783 note 1 A. ; B. ; L. .

Page 783 note 2 This anecdote is cited by Ibn Isfandiyár in his History of Ṭabaristán (a.h. 613, a.d. 1216: see Ri'eu's, Persian Catalogue, pp. 202204 and 533bGoogle Scholar), whence it was excerpted and published, with a German translation, by Ethé, (Z.D.M.G., vol. xlviii, pp. 8994)Google Scholar. It was also utilized by Noeldeke, in his Iranische Nationalepos (Grundriss d. Iran. Philologie, vol. ii, p. 150 et seqq.)Google Scholar.

Page 784 note 1 A., B., L. all have “Ṭabaristán.” See, however, Noeldeke, , loc. cit., p. 151Google Scholar.

Page 784 note 2 These verses (with some variants) will be found on pp. 124–5 of vol. i of Macan's, Turner edition of the Sháhnáma (Calcutta, 1829)Google Scholar.

Page 785 note 1 Poor as this rendering is, I am strongly of opinion that for an English rendering of the Sháhnáma (which always seems to me Tery analogous in aim, scope, and treatment to that little-read English epic, the Brut of Layamon), the old English alliterative verse would he the most suitable form.

Page 785 note 2 See Noeldeke, , loc. cit., p. 153Google Scholar, and n. 2 ad calc.

Page 785 note 3 So A. and L. B. has the more usual “Ḥusayn b. Qutayb.” Cf. Noeldeke, loc. cit.

Page 785 note 4 i.e., I am sick of their barren and unprofitable plaudits. As these poor men rendered him material service in other ways, Firdawsís remarks seem rather ungrateful.

Page 785 note 5 What follows is evidently an explanation of this couplet. Firdawsí means that being no longer vexed with the exactions of the tax-gatherer, he can now repose in peace.

Page 786 note 1 So A., B., and L. Noeldeke, (loc. cit., p. 153)Google Scholar has Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad.

Page 786 note 2 Both MSS. have .

Page 787 note 1 So A. and B., but L. has “sixty thousand.”

Page 787 note 2 Fuqá' described as a kind of beer.

Page 787 note 3 Cf. Noeldeke, , loc. cit., p. 155Google Scholar, and n. 4 ad calc, where this ruler's name is given as the Ispahbad Shahriyár b. Sharzín.

Page 788 note 1 This is a remarkable statement, and, if true, would involve the assumption that the well-known satire, as we have it, is spurious. Cf. Noeldeke, (loc. cit.), pp. 155156Google Scholar, and n. 1 on the latter.

Page 788 note 2 A. adds another couplet here as follows:—

Page 790 note 1 Ṭabarán is the name of a portion of the city of Ṭús. See de Meynard's, B.Dict, de la Perse, pp. 374375Google Scholar.

Page 790 note 2 Noeldeke, (loc. cit, p. 157Google Scholar, and n. 2 ad calc.) has Razzáq for Razán, but A., B., and L. all agree in the latter reading. There are several places called Rúdbár, of which one situated near Ṭbarán is probably meant. See de Meynard's, B.Dict, de la Perse, p. 266Google Scholar. A Razánin Sístán is mentioned by Baládhurí (pp. 396–397), and another () in the district of Nasá in Khurásán. (Dict, de la Perse, p. 259.)

Page 790 note 3 I am not sure at what point the inverted commas should be inserted, but the last sentence of this paragraph is certainly Nidhámí's.

Page 790 note 4 So B. and L. A. lias Jáha.

Page 791 note 1 L. adds ‘ibn.’

Page 791 note 2 The reading of this nisba is very doubtful in all three texts, both here and lower. In some it appears to read Minbarí.

Page 792 note 4 L., which I follow, has: A. has: B. has:

Page 793 note 1 A., B. here add: .

Page 793 note 2 A. adds after .

Page 794 note 1 See Rieu's, Persian Catalogue, pp. 451–2Google Scholar, where a MS. of the Persian version of this work, dated A.H. 685 (A.D. 1286), is described.

Page 794 note 2 I suppose that this is the meaning of in the text.

Page 794 note 3 I take this to be the sense of L.'s reading: . For A. appears to read and B. Concerning Thábit b. Qurra, see Wüstenfeld's, Gesch. d. Arabischen Aerzle, pp. 3436Google Scholar; Brockelmann's, Gesch. d. Arab. Litteratur, pp. 217, 218, etc.Google Scholar He was born in a.h. 221 (a.d. 836) and disd a.h. 288 (a.d. 901).

Page 794 note 4 A. adds .

Page 794 note 5 Abú Manṣúr 'Abdu'l-Qáhir b. Ṭáhir al-Baghdádí, d. a.h. 429 (a.d. 1037). See Háji Khalífa, No. 3,253.

Page 794 note 6 Abú Sa'id Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. 'Abdu'l-Jalíl as-Sajzí (or Sijazí, i.e. of Sajistán or Sistán). See Brockelmann, , op. cit., p. 219Google Scholar.

Page 795 note 1 For (“bodies”) A., B. have , “the nature of the constituent parts of the Celestial and Terrestrial Realms.”

Page 795 note 2 See the long article on al-Majistí in Hájí Khalífa (No. 11,413). The Tabrízí intended is probably al-Faḍl h. Hátiin of Tabríz.

Page 795 note 3 See Brockelmann, , op. cit., pp. 221, 222Google Scholar.

Page 795 note 5 See ibid., pp. 222, 223. Both forms of the nisba (Jílí and Jabalí) are found in the texts.

Page 796 note 1 . From the context, some book would seem to be intended.

Page 796 note 2 By Abú Rayḥán al-Bírúiní. See Hájí Khalífa, No. 9,359.

Page 796 note 3 See Wüstenfeld's, Gesch. d. Arab. Aerzte, pp. 21, 22Google Scholar. He died about a.h. 260 (a.d. 873).

Page 796 note 4 .

Page 797 note 1 Neither the meaning nor the wording of this sentence is clear to me. L. has For A. and B. hare or , the reading being uncertain.

Page 797 note 2 Some sort of garment seems to be meant, but neither the reading nor the meaning is clear. L. has ; A., ; B., .

Page 797 note 3 Literally, “of the Banú Háshim.”

Page 798 note 1 See Brockelmann's, Geseh. d. Arab. Litteratur, pp. 221, 222Google Scholar.

Page 798 note 2 i.e. the great Sulṭán Maḥmfúd of Ghazna (reigned a.h. 388–421, a.d. 998–1030).

Page 798 note 3 i.e. the celebrated al-Bírúiní, of whom mention has been already made.

Page 799 note 1 This seems to be the meaning of L.'s reading: . A, and B. are illegible. The former seems to have, ; the latter,

Page 799 note 2

Page 799 note 3

Page 800 note 1 Instead of this sentence A. has: “Thou hast wasted two dirhams.”

Page 800 note 2 I follow L., which reads: A. has

Page 800 note 3 A. omits this simile.

Page 801 note 1

Page 801 note 2 A. has “512.”

Page 803 note 1 The readings differ here. L. has A., B. hare

Page 803 note 2 A. has 508.

Page 803 note 3 See de Meynard's, BarbierDict, de la Perse, pp. 215, 216Google Scholar. A. reads Kház, B. Kházá.

Page 803 note 4 Apparently his brother, Ghiyáthu'd-Dín Abú Shujá' Muḥammad the Seljúq is meant. He reigned A.H. 498–511 (a.d. 1104–1117).

Page 804 note 3 A. has “six.”

Page 805 note 1 A., which I follow, has: (L.)

Page 806 note 1 I confess that these astrological terms are beyond me. Several of them (e.g. hayláj and kadhhuda) are explained in the section of the Mafátíḥu'l-'ulúm which treats of Astrology (ed. Van Vloten, pp. 225–232). The first part of the sentence runs:

Page 806 note 2 A. and B. have Khayyámí, the form usually found in Arabic books.

Page 806 note 3 A. adds while B. calls him

Page 806 note 4 So A., B., and L., but in the margin of the latter is the following; gloss:

Page 807 note 1 A. has: “cause him to dwell in Paradise.”

Page 807 note 2 L. omita this last sentence.

Page 807 note 3 I suppose this to be the meaning of the words: , which is the reading of all three texts.

Page 808 note 1 Reigned a.h. 498–511, a.d. 1104–1117.

Page 808 note 2 Cf. , Houtsma's ed. of al-Bundárí's History of the Seljúqs, p. 185Google Scholar, where an Amir of this name is mentioned under the year A.H. 531.

Page 808 note 3 A. calls it Sipáhán.

Page 809 note 1 A suburb of Isfahán, as is explained in a marginal gloss in L., which has this reading: (printed in the text as one word, ). A. reads Lc and B.

Page 809 note 2 A. adds “Wherefore did ye act thus?”

Page 809 note 3 L. is constant in this reading, but here A. has and B.

Page 810 note 1 A. adds “they killed him, and ….”

Page 810 note 2 The words are omitted in L. For this meaning of see Vüller's Penian Lexicon, s.v.

Page 811 note 1 The text is rather obscure here. It runs:

.

Page 811 note 2 A. adds

Page 812 note 1 For A. has

Page 813 note 1 See De Slane's, translation of Ibn Khallikán, vol. i, pp. 440446Google Scholar; von Kremer's, Culturgeschichte d. Orients, vol. ii, pp. 455, 456Google Scholar; Wüstenfeld's, Gesch. d. Arab. Aerzte, pp. 6475, etcGoogle Scholar. The Qánún was printed at Rome, a.d. 1593.

Page 813 note 2 A. reads:

This is no doubt the correct reading, not as in B. and L.

Page 813 note 3 L. here has , instead of the correct reading of A.,

Page 814 note 1

Page 814 note 2 . See Sehlimmer's, Terminologie Médico - Phermaceutiqtte (lithographed at Tihrán, a.h. 1874), pp. 192197 and 285Google Scholar. Perhaps, however, it should here be translated “remittent.”

Page 814 note 3 A. has a.h. 502 (= a.d. 1108–9).

Page 814 note 4 The readings vary. A. has ; B. ; L. only.

Page 814 note 5 A. adds “in the year [a.h.] 502.”

Page 815 note 1 Qur'an, xvii, 84.

Page 815 note 2 See Wüstenfeld's, Geschichte d. Arab. Aerzte, No. 69, pp. 2629Google Scholar. He was born a.h. 194 (a.d. 809), and died a.h. 260 (a.d. 873).

Page 815 note 3 Ibid., No. 98, pp. 40–49. He is known in Europe as Basis or Rhases.

Page 815 note 4 For A. has

Page 816 note 1 See Wüstenfeld, , op. cit., p. 43, No. 2Google Scholar. The full title of the work is:

Page 816 note 2 Or “later” (), but A. reads . I cannot identify this person.

Page 816 note 3 See Wüstenfeld, , op. cit., No. 165, p. 95Google Scholar.

Page 816 note 4 Avicenna's master, d. A.H. 390 (A.D. 1000). See Wüstenfeld, , loc. cit., pp. 59, 60, No. 118Google Scholar.

Page 816 note 5 See n. 1 on p. 813 supra.

Page 816 note 6 See Rieu's, Persian Catalogue, pp. 466, 467Google Scholar.

Page 816 note 7 Meaning that every kind of game is inferior to the wild ass. It is said proverbially of anyone who excels his fellows. See Lane's, Arabie Lexicon, p. 2357Google Scholar, s.v.

Page 817 note 1

Page 817 note 2 L. has For A. substitutes . In the margin of L. is glossed as =

Page 817 note 3 A. has “the Proof of God unto His creatures.”

Page 818 note 1 See Hájí Khalífa, No. 4,738.

Page 818 note 2 See Wüstenfeld, , op. cit., p. 95, No. 165Google Scholar. He died A.H. 530.

Page 818 note 3 See Wütenfeld, , op. cit., p. 17, No. 30Google Scholar. Concerning this and similar names, see Noeldeke's, Geschichte d. Artakhshir-i-Pápakán, p. 49, n. 4Google Scholar.

Page 819 note 1 L. has . A. after adds and reads

Page 820 note 1 For L.'s reading

. A. has:—

Page 820 note 2 2 L. has '

Page 820 note 3 Literally “trousers,” of the kind worn by women in the East.

Page 820 note 1 Instead of (L.'s reading) A. has , “she underwent no change.”

Page 821 note 1 So L., which reads , but A. has , “human nature.”

Page 821 note 2 That is, Mansúr I, who reigned a.h. 350–366 (a.d. 961–976). This anecdote is given in the Akhláq-i-Jalálí (ed. Lucknow, a.h. 1283), pp. 168–170.

Page 821 note 3 Qurán, ii, v. 191.

Page 821 note 4 See n. 1 on p. 816 supra.

Page 824 note 1 The text has , but perhaps the last word is to be taken as meaning “settled,” “tranquil.”

Page 824 note 2 So in L., and so corrected in A. from “twelve thousand.”

Page 824 note 3 See p. viii of the Preface to Sachau's translation of al-Birúní's Chronology of the Ancient Nations, and the same scholar's article Zur Geschichte und Chrono'ogie von Chwarezni in the Sitzungsberichte d. Wiener Akademie for 1863.

Page 824 note 4 The first, second, and last of these learned men have been already mentioned. The third is probably Abu'l-Khayr al-Hasan …. Ibnu'l-Khammár (Wüstenfeld's, Geschichte d. Arab. Aerzte, No. 115, pp. 58, 59Google Scholar), who died a.h. 381 (a.d. 991).

Page 824 note 5 The texts have “of Aristú and Aristátalís,” as though they were two different persons, instead of two forms of the same name.

Page 826 note 1 L.'s reading is: . A. adds the words after

Page 826 note 2 Here and elsewhere A. has Ḥusayn for Ḥasan.

Page 826 note 3 So A. L. has “Khwárazm.”

page 827 note 1 The text has . The term tasyír is explained at p. 230 of Van Vloten's ed. of the Mafátíḥu'l-'ulúm.

page 827 note 2 This last sentence is in A. only.

page 827 note 3 Qábús b. Washmgír Shamsu'l-Ma'álí, reigned a.h. 366–371 and again a.h. 388–403. To him al-Bírúní dedicated his Chronology of Ancient Nations. See Sachau's English translation of that work, Preface, p. viii.

page 827 note 4 For L.'s reading A. has .

page 828 note 1 Compare the precisely similar narrative in the first story of the first book of the Mathnawí of Jalálu'd-Din Rúmí, and also a passage in the section of the Dhakhíra-i-Khwárazmsháhí (Book vi, Guftár i, Juz' 2, ch. 3), of which this is a translation:—“Now the lover's pulse is variable and irregular, especially when he sees the object of his affections, or hears her name, or gets tidings of her. In this way one can discover, in the case of one who conceals his love and the name of his beloved, who is the object of his passion, and that in the following way. The physician should place his finger on the patient's pulse, and unexpectedly order the names of those persons amongst whom it may be surmised that his sweetheart is to be found to be repeated, whereupon it will appear from the patient's behaviour who his beloved is. and what her name is. Avicenna (upon whom he God's Mercy) says: “I have tried this plan, and have succeeded by it in finding out who the beloved object was.’”

page 830 note 1 See Brockelmann's, Gesch. d. Arab. Litt., p. 237, No. 19Google Scholar. His name was 'Alí b. al-'Abbás al-Majúsí, and he died a.h. 384 (a.d. 994).

page 830 note 2 The second prince of the House of Buwayh, reigned a.h. 338–372 (a.d. 949–982).

page 830 note 3 So A., but L. has “two.”

page 831 note 1 Perhaps “coagulated” is too strong a word for , and we should rather translate “for some while he had suffered from congestion of the head” or “cerebral congestion.”

page 831 note 2 [A., B. . The word , explained as = or , seems to mean belladonna. The word I do not understand.

page 832 note 1 See Brockelmann's, Gesch. d. Arab. Litt., p. 237Google Scholar, where his name is given as Abu'l-Ḥasan 'Alí b. Muḥammad aṭ-Ṭabarí. He was court physician to the Buwayhid prince Ruknu'd-Dawla about a.h. 360 (a.d. 970). MSS. of the work cited exist at Oxford, Munich, and in the India Office.

page 832 note 2 A. has Sa'dí.

page 832 note 3 So all texts, .

page 832 note 4 One of Avicenna's most celebrated works. See the British Museum Arabic Catalogue, p. 745a, and the Supplement to the same, No. 711, pp. 484, 485.

page 833 note 1 .

page 834 note 1 So in L. A. has: “And every now and then he would put his hand into the sheep's behy, pull out some of the warm fat, and swallow it.”

page 835 note 1 .

page 835 note 2 So B. and L. (), but A. reads , “was injurious to the common folk.”

page 835 note 3 For A. has twice, and adds after .

page 836 note 1 L. has “447,” both in figures and writing, an evident error, since Sanjar reigned a.h. 511–552, and 'Alá'u'd-Dín Ḥusayn “Jahán-súz” a.h. 544–556. A. omits the figures, and only has “in the year forty-seven.”

page 836 note 2 See de Meynard's, B.Dict, de la Perse, p. 228Google Scholar, but this reading is conjectural. L. has .

page 836 note 3 .

page 837 note 1 A. has “maunds.”

page 837 note 2 L. has: . A. has:

page 837 note 3 L. , A. .

page 837 note 4 For L.'s reading, , A. has: ()

page 839 note 1 Literally “Master of the necks.”

page 840 note 1 The meaning is: “The Book of the Four Discourses hath been correctly printed in its entirety.” The numerical values of the letters composing this sentence, when added up, give 1305.