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Art. VII.—Serpent-Worship in India
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011
Extract
From the Rājatarangmī we learn that, when Kāsyapa raised Kāshmir above the waters, Nīla, whose royal canopy was the hood of the serpent, reigned there over the Nāgas.
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References
page 361 note 1 Rājatarangini, Calc. ed. i. 4.
page 362 note 1 Rājatarangini, Calc. ed. p. 15 and note.
page 362 note 2 Tree and Serpent Worship, Plates xxiv. xliv. lxx. lxxx.
page 364 note 1 Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Sainyodyoga Parva, x. 26; Adi, Sambhava Parva, lxxv. 230.
page 364 note 2 Ib. Adi Parva, Astika Parva, xxxv. 113. (All references to the Mahābhārata are to P. C. Roy's Calcutta ed.)
page 364 note 3 Vishnu Purana, Ed. Hall, I. xxi. 74, note.
page 364 note 4 Harivansa, Langlois, I. xxii.
page 364 note 5 Vishnu Purana, Wilson, 411.
page 365 note 1 Kathā Sarit Sāgara, I. 175; Nāgananda, Boyd's trans.
page 366 note 1 Annals of Rajasthan, i. 75.
page 367 note 1 Mahābhārata, Astika Parva, xviii. 79.
page 368 note 1 Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Bhagavatyana Parva, xcix. 306.
page 368 note 2 Harivansa, Langlois, I. 399.
page 368 note 3 Ib. I. 401.
page 368 note 4 Mahābhārata, Sabhā Parva, Lokapala-Sabhākhyana Parva, ix. 29.
page 369 note 1 Vishṇu Purāṇa, Hall's ed. II. vol. v. p. 208.
page 369 note 2 Vishṇu Purāṇa, ed. Hall, II. vol. v. p. 210.
page 369 note 3 Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Bhagavatyana Parva, c. 308.
page 369 note 4 Mahābhārata, Adi, Astika Parva, xxxi. 106.
page 369 note 5 Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, xxxvi. 114.
page 369 note 6 Ib. Adi, Astika Parva xxxii. 108; xxix. 98.
page 370 note 1 Mahābhārata, Adi, Astika Parva xxxiv. 111.
page 370 note 2 Ib. xxx. 102.
page 370 note 3 Ib. xxxiii. 109.
page 370 note 4 Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Bhagavatyana Parva, c. 308.
page 370 note 5 Ib. c. 309.
page 370 note 6 Kathā Sarit Sāgara, i. 416.
page 371 note 1 Mahābhārata, Adi Parvi, Sambhava Parvi, lxvi. 190.
page 371 note 2 Ib. Udyoga Parvi, Bhagavatyana Parvi, xcix. 308.
page 371 note 3 Muir. S. Texts, iv. 59.
page 371 note 4 Harivansa, ii. 410.
page 372 note 1 Muir. S. Texts, ii. 354.
page 372 note 2 Mahābhārata Adi Parva, Sambhava Parva, lxv. 137.
page 372 note 3 Ibid. lxvi. 19.
page 372 note 4 Harivansa, Langlois, ii. 452.
page 373 note 1 Mahābhārata Udyoga Parva, Bhagavatyana Parva, xcvii. 303.
page 373 note 2 Vishnu Puraṇa, Hall, ed. II. v. 210.
page 373 note 3 Harivansa, ii. 16.
page 373 note 4 Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, liii. 150.
page 373 note 5 Sacred Books of East, vol. i. p. 137.
page 373 note 6 Origl. Sansk. Texts, vol. iv. pp. 69, 60.
page 374 note 1 Origl. Sansk. Texts, vol. ii. pp. 336, 338, 340.
page 374 note 2 Muir, Sanskrit Texts, vol. ii. p. 361.
page 374 note 3 Ib. vol. ii. p. 362.
page 374 note 4 Harivansa, Langlois, ii. 28.
page 374 note 5 Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Bhagayatyana Parva, cix. 329.
page 375 note 1 Zendavesta, S. B. E. ii. 253.
page 375 note 2 Muir, Sansk. Texts, v. 144.
page 375 note 3 Mahābhārata, Adi, Astika Parva, xxxv. 113.
page 375 note 4 Ib. xxxvi. 114.
page 375 note 5 Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, xxxvi. 115.
page 376 note 1 Vishṇu Purāṇa, Hall's ed. II. v. 213.
page 376 note 2 Hiouen Thsang (Memoires), i. 152.
page 376 note 3 Mahābhārata, Salya, Gudāyuddhya Parya, xxvii. 149.
page 377 note 1 Vishṇu Purāṇna, Hall's ed. IV. iv. 319.
page 377 note 2 Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Pausya Parva, iii. 56.
page 377 note 3 Ib. Sabha, Rajasuyika Parva, xxxiii. 96.
page 377 note 4 Ib. Adi, Khāndava-daha Parva, ccxxx. 632.
page 377 note 5 Panjāb Legends, 459.
page 378 note 1 Mahābhārata, Adi, Aṣtika Parva, xli. 124.
page 378 note 2 Ib. lii 148.
page 378 note 3 Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, liii. 150.
page 378 note 4 Panjāb Gazetteer (Sealkot), p. 14.
page 378 note 5 Annals of Rājasthan, i. 82.
page 379 note 1 Mahābharata, Karna Parva, xliv. 153.
page 379 note 2 Lassen, Pentap. Ind. 21.
page 379 note 3 Mahābhārata, Karna Parva, xliv. 154.
page 379 note 4 Mahābhārata, Karna Parva, xliv. 155.
page 379 note 5 Ib. Sabha, Digvijaya Parva, xxxii. 94.
page 379 note 6 Ib. Karna Parva, xliv. 153.
page 379 note 7 Ib. Karna Parva, xliv. 154; Adi, Sambhava Parva, cxiii. 333.
page 379 note 8 Kathā Sarit Sāgara, i. 416.
page 379 note 9 Mahābhārata, Adi, Pausya Parva, iii. 59.
page 379 note 10 Vishṇu Purāṇa, Halhed, iv. iv. 319.
page 379 note 11 Ancient Geog. Ind. i. 180.
page 380 note 1 Panjãb Gazetteer (Montgomery Dist.), 64.
page 380 note 2 Ind. Antiquary, iv. 321.
page 380 note 3 Annals of Rājasthan, i. 702.
page 380 note 4 Mahābhārata, Karna Parva, xliv. 153.
page 380 note 5 Ibid. Udyoga Parva, Sainyodyoga Parva, vii. 14.
page 380 note 6 Ibid. Karna Parva, xliv. 158.
page 380 note 7 Harivansa (Langlois), ii. 490.
page 381 note 1 Divya Avadana, Burnouf, Introd. Hist. Bud. Ind. 362.
page 381 note 2 Ib. 405.
page 381 note 3 Cunningham, Ancient Geog. Ind. i. 108.
page 381 note 4 Fah Hian, xi. 32.
page 381 note 5 Hiouen Thsang (Vie et Voyages), 89.
page 381 note 6 Hiouen Thsang (Vie et Voyages), 97.
page 381 note 7 Hiouen Thsang (Memoires), ii. 173.
page 381 note 8 El Masūdi, Sprenger, 390.
page 382 note 1 Rājatarangini (Calo. ed.), 390.
page 382 note 2 Annals of Rajasthan, i. 84.
page 382 note 3 Panjãb Gazetteer (Montgomery), 64.
page 382 note 4 Annals of Rājasthan, i. 83.
page 382 note 5 Ib. i. 84.
page 382 note 6 Annals of Rāsjasthan, i. 632.
page 382 note 7 Ib. i. 102.
page 383 note 1 Mahābhārata, Sabha Parva, Jarāsandha-badha Parva, xxi. 63.
page 383 note 2 Ib. Vana Parva, Tirthayatra Parva, xxxiv. 272.
page 383 note 3 Vishnu Purana (Hall) V. vii. 287.
page 383 note 4 Vishṇu Purāṇa (Hall), IV. xxiv. 215.
page 383 note 5 J.A.S.B. xxxiv. 117, 118.
page 383 note 6 Mahāwanso (Turnour), i. 5.
page 384 note 1 Mahawanso (Turnour), 185; J.A.S.B. XVII. ii. 87.
page 384 note 2 Tree and Serpent Worship, 52.
page 384 note 3 J.R.A.S. Vol. IX. p. 69.
page 384 note 4 Ibid. p. 95.
page 384 note 5 Annals of Rājasthan, i. 44.
page 385 note 1 Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Astika Parva, xxxvi. 115.
page 385 note 2 Hist. Anct. Sansk Lit. 38.
page 385 note 3 Tree and Serpent Worship, 78.
page 385 note 4 Mahābhārata, Adi Parva, Sambhava Parva, lxxv. 230.
page 385 note 5 Vishṇu Purāṇa (Wilson), 412, note.
page 385 note 6 Fergusson, Hist. Ind. and E. Architecture, 269.
page 386 note 1 Vishṇu Purāṇa (Hall), III. xviii. 215.
page 386 note 2 Rockhill, Life of Buddha, 12; Turnour, Mahawanso, Introd. xxxv; Lalita Vistara, ii. 149.
page 386 note 3 Hiouen Thsang, ii. 141.
page 386 note 4 Mahābhārata, Vana Parva Tirthayatra Parva, lxxxiv. 267.
page 386 note 5 Tree and Serpent Worship, plate xcviii.; Ind. and E. Architect, pl. 17.
page 386 note 6 Tree and Serpent Worship, pi. lxx.
page 386 note 7 Oldfield, ii. 169.
page 386 note 8 Mahāvagga, i. 3. 2, S.B.E. xiii.; Fah Hian, 125.
page 387 note 1 Divyāvadāna in Burnouf, Introd. 332.
page 387 note 2 Mahawanso (Turnour), v. 27.
page 387 note 3 T. and S. Worship, 64.
page 387 note 4 Fah Hian, 67.
page 387 note 5 Hiouen Thsang (Memoires), i. 152.
page 387 note 6 Ind. Antiquary, May, 1875.
page 387 note 7 Rajatarangini, Calc. ed. 73.
page 388 note 1 Divyā Avadāna, Burnouf, 373.
page 388 note 2 Ib. 431.
page 388 note 3 Divyā Avadāna, Burnouf, 424.
page 388 note 4 Manawanso Tīfā (Turnour), Introd. xxxvii.
page 388 note 5 Ancient Geog. Ind. i. 451.
page 388 note 6 Corp. Insc. Ind. iii. 185.
page 388 note 7 Kumāon Gazetteer, p. 835.
page 389 note 1 Mahābhārata, Vana, Draupadi-harana Parva, cclxxi. 802.
page 389 note 2 Harivansa, Langlois, ii. 253.
page 389 note 3 Mahābhārata, Vana, Nivāta Kavacha Tuddha Parva, clxx. 506.
page 389 note 4 Mahābhārata, Udyoga, Saṁyaniryāna Parva, xlv. 452.
page 389 note 5 Ras Māla, 238.
page 390 note 1 Ind. and E. Architect, p. 46.