Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-7drxs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T05:05:48.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Studies on a Calanus Patch III. The quantity of food eaten by Calanus finmarchicus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

D. H. Cushing
Affiliation:
Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft
T. Vucetic
Affiliation:
Institute for Fisheries Biology, Split, Yugoslavia

Extract

The purpose of this paper is to assess the grazing capacity of Calanus finmar-chicus (Gunner.) in terms of the quantity of food eaten in the sea. The part played in the growth of the animal by the quantity eaten will only be briefly discussed. The parts played by nutrient lack, sinking and diffusion on the algal productive rates will also be discussed, leading to the conclusion that grazing mortality is the most effective controlling agent on algal production.

A subsidiary purpose of this paper is to relate changes in the weight of Calanus finmarchicus to changes in food consumed and to changes in water temperature. Measurements of C. finmarchicus have been made by a number of workers (Adler & Jespersen, 1920; Russell, 1928; Marshall, 1933; Stormer, 1929; Bogorov, 1934; Jespersen, 1939; Clarke & Zinn, 1937). It will be shown that in the North Sea, in spring, the greatest changes in weight are most readily related to changes in quantities of food consumed.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1963

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adler, G & Jespersen, P., 1920. Variations saisonnières chez quelques copepodes planctoniques marins. Medd. Komm. Havundersog., Kbh., Ser. Plankton, Bd. 2, No. 1.Google Scholar
Andersen, K. P., 1957–59. An attempt to determine the order of magnitude of the sinking velocity of algae, with information on the rate of grazing at the different depths. (Appendix 2 to paper by E. Steemann Nielsen and E. A. Jensen.) Galathea Rep., Vol. 1, pp. 121–2.Google Scholar
Beklemishev, K. V., 1957. Superfluous feeding of zooplankton and the problem of sources of food for bottom animals. Trud. vsesoyuz gidrobiol. Obshch., Vol. 8, pp. 354–8.Google Scholar
Beklemishev, K. V., 1961. Superfluous feeding of marine herbivorous zooplankton. Symposium on Plankton Production, Paper No. 6. I.C.E.S.Google Scholar
Bogorov, B. G., 1934. Seasonal changes in biomass of Calanus finmarchicus in the Plymouth area in 1930. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 19, pp. 585612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, G. L. & Zinn, D. J., 1937. Seasonal production of zooplankton off Woods Hole with special reference to Calanus finmarchicus. Biol. Bull., Woods Hole, Vol. 73, pp. 464–87.Google Scholar
Cushing, D. H., 1955. Production and a pelagic fishery. Fish. Invest., Lond., Ser. 2, Vol. 18, No. 7.Google Scholar
Cushing, D. H., 1959. On the nature of production in the sea. Fish. Invest., Lond., Ser. 2, Vol. 22, No. 6.Google Scholar
Cushing, D. H., 1963 a, The work of grazing in the sea. (in the Press).Google Scholar
Cushing, D. H., 1963 b. Studies on a Calanus patch. II. The estimation of algal productive rates. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 43, pp. 339–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cushing, D. H. & Nicholson, H. N., 1963. Studies on a Calanus patch. IV. Nutrient salts off the north-east coast of England in the spring of 1954. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 43, pp. 373–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cushing, D. H. & Tungate, D. S., 1963. Studies on a Calanus patch. I. The identification of a Calanus patch. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 43, pp. 327–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jespersen, P., 1939. Investigations on the copepod fauna in East Greenland waters. Medd. Grenland, Bd. 119, No. 9.Google Scholar
Joseph, J. & Sendner, H., 1958. Über die horizontale Diffusion im Meere. Dtsch. hydrogr. Z., Bd. 11, pp. 4977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamshilov, M. M., 1951. Determination of the weight of Calanus finmarchicus (Gunner.) on the basis of body length measurements. Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Vol. 74, pp. 945–8 (in Russian).Google Scholar
McAllister, C. D., Parsons, T. R. & Strickland, J. D. H., 1960. Primary productivity and fertility at station ‘P’ in the north-east Pacific Ocean. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, Vol. 25, pp. 240–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, S. M., 1924. The food of Calanus finmarchicus during 1923. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 13, pp. 473–9.Google Scholar
Marshall, S. M., 1933. On the biology of Calanus finmarchicus. II. Seasonal variations in the size of Calanus finmarchicus in the Clyde sea-area. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 19, pp. 111–38.Google Scholar
Marshall, S. M. & Orr, A. P., 1955 a. The Biology of a Marine Copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus). 188 pp. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.Google Scholar
Marshall, S. M. & Orr, A. P., 1955 b. On the biology of Calanus finmarchicus, VIII. Food uptake, assimilation and excretion in adult and stage V. Calanus. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 34, pp. 495529.Google Scholar
Monakov, A. V. & Sorokin, Yu. I., 1961. An experimental investigation of Daphnia nutrition using C14. Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Vol. 135, pp. 1516–18.Google Scholar
Mosby, H., 1936. Verdünstung und Strahlung auf dem Meere. Ann. Hydrogr. Berl., Bd. 64, pp. 281–6.Google Scholar
Rees, C. B., 1949. Continuous plankton records: The distribution of Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) and its two forms in the North Sea, 1938–39. Hull. Bull. mar. Ecol., Vol. 2, pp. 215–75.Google Scholar
Riley, G. A., 1946. Factors controlling phytoplankton populations on Georges Bank. J. mar. Res., Vol. 6, pp. 5473.Google Scholar
Russell, F. S., 1928. The vertical distribution of marine macroplankton. VII. Observations on the behaviour of Calanus finmarchicus. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 15, pp. 429–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savage, R. E. & Wimpenny, R. S., 1936. Phytoplankton and the herring. II. 1933 and 1934. Fish. Invest., Lond., Ser. 2, Vol. 15, No. 1, 88 pp.Google Scholar
Steele, J. H., 1956. Plant production on the Fladen ground. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 35, pp. 133.Google Scholar
Steele, J. H. & Yentsch, C. S., 1960. The vertical distribution of chlorophyll. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 39, pp. 217–26.Google Scholar
Störmer, L., 1929. Copepods from the ‘Michael Sars’ Expedition 1924. Rapp. Cons. Explor. Mer, Vol. 56, No. 7, 57 pp.Google Scholar
Winberg, G. G., 1956. Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes. Nauch. Trud. Belorusskovo Gos. Univ. meni. Minsk, 1956.Google Scholar
Woodhead, P. M. J. & Riley, J. D., 1957. The separation of potential males and females in stage V copepodites of Calanus helgolandicus. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, Vol. 23, pp. 4750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodhead, P. M. J. & Riley, J. D., 1959. Separation of the sexes of Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) in the fifth copepodite stage, with comments on the sex ratio and the duration in this stage. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, Vol. 24, pp. 465–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar