Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-fwgfc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T11:28:30.443Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Shallow-Water Zonation of Sea-Loch Benthos and Its Relation to Hydrographic and Other Physical Features

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

J. Gage
Affiliation:
Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 3, Oban, Argyll, Scotland

Extract

Surveys of marine benthic distributions are usually performed by sampling from a vessel capable of handling the heavy sampling devices necessary. Because of the inability of such vessels to work in very shallow water or close to the shore the area just beyond the intertidal zone is inaccessible to investigation except by a special vessel (e.g. Mclntyre & Eleftheriou, 1968) or by using diving techniques (e.g. Hughes & Thomas, 1971). This has created a gap in our knowledge of this area, which may be of some importance in reflecting adaptation to effects of land on sea which are not complicated by the effects of tidal exposure.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Admiralty, 1968. Admiralty Tide Tables Vol. l, European Waters 1969. London: Hydrographic Department.Google Scholar
Allen, J. A., 1962. Mollusea. The Fauna of the Clyde Sea Area. 88 pp. Millport: Scottish Marine Biological Association.Google Scholar
Bassindale, R., 1943. A comparison of the varying salinity conditions of the Tees and Severn estuaries. Journal of Animal Ecology, 12, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binyon, J., 1961. Salinity tolerance and permeability of water of the starfish Asterias rubens L. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 41, 161–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binyon, J. & Lewis, J. G. E., 1963. Physiological adaptations of two species of centipede (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) to life on the shore. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 43, 4955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruce, J. R., Colman, J. S. & Jones, N. S., 1963. Marine fauna of the Isle of Man (2nd ed.). L.M.B.C. Memoirs on Typical British Marine Plants and Animals, 36, 307.Google Scholar
Clark, R. B., 1960. Polychaeta. The Fauna of the Clyde Sea Area. 71 pp. Millport: Scottish Marine Biological Association.Google Scholar
Gage, J., 1972 a. A preliminary survey of the benthic macrofauna and sediments in lochs Etive and Creran, sea-lochs along the west coast of Scotland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 52, 237–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gage, J., 1972 b. Community structure of the benthos in Scottish sea-lochs. I. Introduction and species diversity. Marine Biology, 14, 281–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J., 1968. The Biology of Estuarine Animals. 401 pp. London: Sidgwick and Jackson.Google Scholar
Hughes, R. N. & Thomas, M. L. H., 1971. The classification and ordination of shallow-water benthic samples from Prince Edward Island, Canada. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 7, 139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, A. C., 1918. Randers Fjords Naturhistorie, 520 pp. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Jones, N. S., 1950. Marine bottom communities. Biological Reviews, 25, 283313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, C. A. M., 1959. Beaches and Coasts. 403 pp. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Lasserre, P., 1967. Oligochétes marins des côtes de France. II. Roscoff, Penpuoll, etangs saumâtres de Concarneau: systématique, écologie. Cahiers de biologie marine, 8, 273–93.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. G. E., 1962. The ecology, distribution and taxonomy of the centipedes found on the shore in the Plymouth area. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 42, 655–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luther, H., 1951. Verbreitung und Okologie der hoheren Wasserpflanzen in Brackwasser der Ekenäs-Gegend in Südfinnland. I, II. Acta botanica fennica, 49, 1231, 50, 1–370.Google Scholar
Marine Biological Association, 1957. Plymouth Marine Fauna, 3rd ed.Plymouth.Google Scholar
Mcintyre, A. D. & Eleftheriou, A., 1968. The bottom fauna of a flatfish nursery ground. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 48, 113–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcmillan, N. F., 1948. Possible biological races in Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) and their varying resistance to lowered salinity. Journal of Conchology, 23, 1416.Google Scholar
Morgans, J. F. C. 1956. Notes on the analysis of shallow-water soft substrata. Journal of Animal Ecology, 25, 367–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morisita, M., 1959. Measuring of interspecific association and similarity between communities. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, E, 3, 6580.Google Scholar
Mountford, M. O., 1962. ‘An index of similarity and its application to classificatory problems’. In: Progress in Soil Zoology, Ed. Murphy, P. W., pp. 4350. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Nicol, E. A. T., 1936. The brackish-water lochs of North Uist. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, B, 56, 169–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pielou, E. C., 1969. An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology. 286 pp. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Remane, A., 1959. Regionale Verchiedenheiten der Lebewesan gegenüber dem Salzgehalt und ihr Bedentung fur die Brackwasser-Einteilung. Archivo di Oceanografia e Limnologia, 11 (Suppl.). 3546.Google Scholar
Remane, A., 1971. Ecology of brackish water. In: Biology of brackish water. Eds Remane, A. & Schlieper, C., pp. 1120. New York; Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Schubart, O., 1929. Thallassobionte und thalassophile Myriopoda. Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, Leipzig, 11f, 120.Google Scholar
Smith, R. I., 1956. The ecology of the Tamar estuary. VII. Observations on the interstitial salinity of intertidal muds in the estuarine habitat of Nereis diversocolor. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 35, 81104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southward, A. J., 1953. The fauna of some sand and muddy shores in the south of the Isle of Man. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society, 59, 5171.Google Scholar
Wood, B. J. B., Tett, P. B. & Edwards, A., 1973. An introduction to the phytoplankton, primary production and relevant hydrography of Loch Etive. Journal of Ecology, 61, 569–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar