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Larval and early post-larval morphology, growth, and behaviour of laboratory reared Lopholithodes foraminatus (brown box crab)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2009

William D.P. Duguid  and
Louise R. Page
William D.P. Duguid*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada
Louise R. Page
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: W.D.P. Duguid, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada email: willduguid@hotmail.com
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Abstract

The larval and post-larval behaviour, growth, colour, and morphology of the brown box crab (Lopholithodes foraminatus) are described for the first time based on laboratory reared animals. A detailed morphological description is provided for 4 zoeal stages, the glaucothoe, and the first crab instar. Selected morphological changes over the remainder of the first year of development are also described. Data are presented on larval growth at 11°C and on zoeal stage durations at approximately 8°C, 12°C and 16°C. While the 4 zoeal stages are planktotrophic, the glaucothoe does not feed; a life history character that has been termed ‘secondary lecithotrophy’. Growth of L. foraminatus larvae and post-larvae is generally similar to that of other North Pacific lithodids with planktotrophic zoeae. Zoeal stage durations decrease with increasing temperature. This relationship levels off at approximately 16°C, a higher temperature than in lithodid species from colder regions. Carapace morphology is suggested as a diagnostic character of larval and post-larval stages of Lopholithodes foraminatus. Secondary lecithotrophy may be widespread or even universal among lithodids and also occurs in pagurid hermit crabs. If the family Lithodidae is indeed nested within the Paguridae, as suggested by recent phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular evidence, secondary lecithotrophy may be plesiomorphic in lithodids.

Keywords

developmentglaucothoeLithodidaesecondary lecithotrophytemperaturezoea
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 89 , Issue 8 , December 2009 , pp. 1607 - 1626
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2009

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