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Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) symbiotic radiation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2008

Stefania Puce ,
Carlo Cerrano ,
Cristina Gioia Di Camillo  and
Giorgio Bavestrello
Stefania Puce*
Affiliation:
Di.S.Mar., Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche Ancona, Italy
Carlo Cerrano
Affiliation:
Dip.Te.Ris., Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16100 Genova, Italy
Cristina Gioia Di Camillo
Affiliation:
Di.S.Mar., Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche Ancona, Italy
Giorgio Bavestrello
Affiliation:
Di.S.Mar., Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche Ancona, Italy
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Stefania Puce, Di.S.Mar., Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche Ancona, Italy email: s.puce@univpm.it
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Abstract

Hydroids can establish symbiotic relationships with most marine phyla. Almost entire genera or even families are associated with specific groups (e.g. Hydractiniidae and Cytaeididae with gastropods and hermit crabs, Zancleidae with bryozoans, Dipurena with sponges, Ralpharia with octocorals, Eugymnanthea with bivalves, Proboscidactyla and Teissiera with serpulids, Bythotiara with tunicates). Generally, the symbiotic groups belong to the Anthomedusae that, due to the absence of theca, are more plastic in establishing trophic relationships with the hosts. Nevertheless a number of scattered species, mainly Leptomedusae, are strictly associated to algae or sea grasses: in these cases no evident morphological or behavioural adaptations were observed. In animal symbiosis several unrelated symbiotic species show polymorphic colonies or a strong reduction in number and/or size of the tentacles, which are sometimes completely lost. Moreover, these symbiotic species may lack perisarc even in the hydrorhiza.

In this paper we summarize the morphological and behavioural adaptations of symbiotic species suggesting that the described aptitude of hydroids to establish relationships with other organisms is not only the result but also the source of the evolutionary radiation of this group.

Keywords

symbiosishydroidsreview
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 88 , Special Issue 8: Hydrozoans , December 2008 , pp. 1715 - 1721
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2008

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